Question 1

What is obesity? List the conditions for which obesity is a risk factor.

Accepted Answer

Obesity is a medical condition characterized by an excessive accumulation of body fat, which can have a negative impact on a person's health. It is typically measured using the body mass index (BMI), with a BMI of 30 or higher considered to be obese.

Obesity is a risk factor for a wide range of health conditions, including:

1. Type 2 diabetes: Obesity is a major risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes, as it can lead to insulin resistance and impaired glucose metabolism.

2. Cardiovascular disease: Obesity increases the risk of developing heart disease, including high blood pressure, coronary artery disease, and stroke.

3. Respiratory problems: Excess weight can lead to breathing difficulties, sleep apnea, and asthma.

4. Joint problems: Obesity puts extra stress on the joints, leading to conditions such as osteoarthritis and back pain.

5. Certain cancers: Obesity has been linked to an increased risk of developing certain types of cancer, including breast, colon, and kidney cancer.

6. Mental health issues: Obesity is associated with an increased risk of depression, anxiety, and other mental health disorders.

7. Liver disease: Obesity can lead to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, which can progress to more severe liver conditions.

8. Reproductive health issues: Obesity can affect fertility and increase the risk of complications during pregnancy and childbirth.

Overall, obesity is a significant risk factor for a wide range of health conditions, making it important for individuals to maintain a healthy weight through diet, exercise, and lifestyle changes.

Question 2

Match each disorder with its corresponding definition or description.
-A behavioral disorder characterized by insatiable craving for food followed by periods of self-deprivation

Accepted Answer

A) Malignant hyperthermia 
B) Heat exhaustion 
C) Hyperthermia 
D) Scurvy 
E) Marasmus
F)Heatstroke
G)Bulimia
H)Fever
I)Kwashiorkor
J)Anorexia nervosa 
A) Malignant hyperthermia 
B) Heat exhaustion 
C) Hyperthermia 
D) Scurvy 
E) Marasmus
F)Heatstroke
G)Bulimia
H)Fever
I)Kwashiorkor
J)Anorexia nervosa G

Question 3

The main function of the electron transport chain is to supply energy for the reattachment of the third phosphate onto ADP.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

The end product of glycolysis is the starting substance of the citric acid cycle.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The body can store the fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

List the functions of the liver. Which of these are specifically related to nutrition and metabolism?

Accepted Answer

The liver is a vital organ that performs

Question 7

Explain the protein-calorie malnutrition conditions marasmus and kwashiorkor.

Accepted Answer

Protein-calorie malnutrition refers to a

Question 8

Match each term with its corresponding definition or description.
-The first process in glucose catabolism; it occurs in the cytoplasm and does not use oxygen

Accepted Answer

A) Glycolysis 
B) Glycogenesis 
C) Catabolism 
D) Mineral 
E) ATP
F)Assimilation
G)TMR
H)Citric acid cycle
I)Anabolism
J)Glucose
K)Electron transport chain
L)BMR
M)Vitamin 
A) Glycolysis 
B) Glycogenesis 
C) Catabolism 
D) Mineral 
E) ATP
F)Assimilation
G)TMR
H)Citric acid cycle
I)Anabolism
J)Glucose
K)Electron transport chain
L)BMR
M)Vitamin

Question 9

Why is sweating an inefficient way of cooling the body in a humid environment?

Accepted Answer

Sweating is a natural process that helps

Question 10

What occurs in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

The electron transport chain (ETC) is a

Question 11

The end products of anabolism are simpler molecules than the original reactants.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The BMR must be lower than the TMR. 
B)  The TMR must be lower than the BMR. 
C)  Consistent caloric intake above the BMR will cause a gain in weight. 
D)  Both A and C are true. 
A)  The BMR must be lower than the TMR. 
B)  The TMR must be lower than the BMR. 
C)  Consistent caloric intake above the BMR will cause a gain in weight. 
D)  Both A and C are true.

Question 13

The function of bile is mechanical digestion of fat rather than chemical digestion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

What are vitamins, and what is their function in the body?

Accepted Answer

Vitamins are organic compounds that are

Question 15

Match each of the following vitamins with its function.
-Helps enzymes that catabolize amino acids

Accepted Answer

A) Vitamin D (calciferol) 
B) Vitamin A 
C) Vitamin B12 
D) Vitamin E (tocopherol) 
E) Vitamin B3
F)Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)
G)Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) 
A) Vitamin D (calciferol) 
B) Vitamin A 
C) Vitamin B12 
D) Vitamin E (tocopherol) 
E) Vitamin B3
F)Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)
G)Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)

Question 16

Which of the following proteins produced by the liver is not involved in blood clot formation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fibrinogen 
B)  Prothrombin 
C)  Albumin 
D)  All of the above proteins are involved in blood clot formation. 
A)  Fibrinogen 
B)  Prothrombin 
C)  Albumin 
D)  All of the above proteins are involved in blood clot formation.

Question 17

In most people, protein anabolism occurs at a greater rate than protein catabolism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which of the following is not true of the citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is the last step in carbohydrate metabolism. 
B)  It occurs in the mitochondria. 
C)  One of its end products is carbon dioxide. 
D)  It requires oxygen. 
A)  It is the last step in carbohydrate metabolism. 
B)  It occurs in the mitochondria. 
C)  One of its end products is carbon dioxide. 
D)  It requires oxygen.

Question 19

Because fever is always harmful to the body, every effort should be made to immediately reduce the fever to normal body temperature.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 19: Nutrition and Metabolism

What is obesity? List the conditions for which obesity is a risk factor.

Match each disorder with its corresponding definition or description. -A behavioral disorder characterized by insatiable craving for food followed by periods of self-deprivation

The main function of the electron transport chain is to supply energy for the reattachment of the third phosphate onto ADP.

The end product of glycolysis is the starting substance of the citric acid cycle.

The body can store the fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K.

List the functions of the liver. Which of these are specifically related to nutrition and metabolism?

Explain the protein-calorie malnutrition conditions marasmus and kwashiorkor.

Match each term with its corresponding definition or description. -The first process in glucose catabolism; it occurs in the cytoplasm and does not use oxygen

Why is sweating an inefficient way of cooling the body in a humid environment?

What occurs in the electron transport chain?

The end products of anabolism are simpler molecules than the original reactants.

Which of the following statements is true?

The function of bile is mechanical digestion of fat rather than chemical digestion.

What are vitamins, and what is their function in the body?

Match each of the following vitamins with its function. -Helps enzymes that catabolize amino acids

Which of the following proteins produced by the liver is not involved in blood clot formation?

In most people, protein anabolism occurs at a greater rate than protein catabolism.

Which of the following is not true of the citric acid cycle?

Because fever is always harmful to the body, every effort should be made to immediately reduce the fever to normal body temperature.

Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm.

Introduction to the Body

Chemistry of Life

Cells

Tissues

Organ Systems

Mechanisms of Disease

Skin and Membranes

Skeletal System

Muscular System

Nervous System

Senses

Endocrine System

Blood

Heart

Blood

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Urinary System

Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

Acid-Base Balance

Reproductive Systems

Growth, Development, and Aging

Genetics and Genetic Diseases

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