Question 1

Action potentials are initiated at the motor end-plate region of skeletal muscle fibers.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Myasthenia gravis

Accepted Answer

A)  is an autoimmune disease 
B)  occurs when axons are unable to release adequate amounts of acetylcholine 
C)  can be treated with a drug that temporarily inhibits acetylcholinesterase 
D)  is an autoimmune disease and can be treated with a drug that temporarily inhibits acetylcholinesterase 
E)  none of these 
A)  is an autoimmune disease 
B)  occurs when axons are unable to release adequate amounts of acetylcholine 
C)  can be treated with a drug that temporarily inhibits acetylcholinesterase 
D)  is an autoimmune disease and can be treated with a drug that temporarily inhibits acetylcholinesterase 
E)  none of these

Question 3

An EPP is a graded potential.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Complete each of the following statments.
Parasympathetic preganglionic fibers arise from the ____________________ and ____________________ areas of the CNS.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Complete each of the following statments.
Parasympathetic preganglionic...

Question 5

Which of the following is the final signaling step following impulse conduction along the axon terminal?

Accepted Answer

A)  ACh binds with receptors on the muscle cell membrane, opening sodium channels. 
B)  ACh diffuses across the cleft of the junction. 
C)  ACh is released by exocytosis. 
D)  Calcium diffuses into the terminal button. 
E)  Voltage-gated channels for calcium are opened. 
A)  ACh binds with receptors on the muscle cell membrane, opening sodium channels. 
B)  ACh diffuses across the cleft of the junction. 
C)  ACh is released by exocytosis. 
D)  Calcium diffuses into the terminal button. 
E)  Voltage-gated channels for calcium are opened.

Question 6

It is possible through the use of drugs to activate the receptors found in bronchiolar smooth muscle without influencing the receptors in the heart.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Acetylcholinesterase is stored in secretory vesicles in the motor end plate of the muscle fiber.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Select the incorrect statement about the parasympathetic nervous system.

Accepted Answer

A)  It inhibits all cardiac muscle and smooth muscle. 
B)  Neurotransmitter from all its postganglionic fibers bind to muscarinic receptors. 
C)  Neurotransmitter from all its preganglionic fibers bind to nicotinic receptors. 
D)  Part of it originates in the brain and part of it originates in the sacral region of the spinal cord. 
E)  It inhibits all cardiac muscle and smooth muscle, and neurotransmitter from all its postganglionic fibers bind to muscarinic receptors. 
A)  It inhibits all cardiac muscle and smooth muscle. 
B)  Neurotransmitter from all its postganglionic fibers bind to muscarinic receptors. 
C)  Neurotransmitter from all its preganglionic fibers bind to nicotinic receptors. 
D)  Part of it originates in the brain and part of it originates in the sacral region of the spinal cord. 
E)  It inhibits all cardiac muscle and smooth muscle, and neurotransmitter from all its postganglionic fibers bind to muscarinic receptors.

Question 9

Complete each of the following statments.
The origin of the somatic nervous system is in the ____________________ horn of the spinal cord.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Complete each of the following statments.
The origin...

Question 10

By blocking the effect of acetylcholine at muscarinic but not nicotinic receptors, atropine is able to block parasympathetic effects while not influencing sympathetic activity at all.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The parasympathetic nervous system

Accepted Answer

A)  has long preganglionic fibers that end on terminal ganglia, which lie in or near the effector organ 
B)  dominates in quiet, relaxed situations 
C)  releases a postganglionic neurotransmitter that binds with muscarinic receptors 
D)  has neurons that display nicotinic receptors 
E)  all of these 
A)  has long preganglionic fibers that end on terminal ganglia, which lie in or near the effector organ 
B)  dominates in quiet, relaxed situations 
C)  releases a postganglionic neurotransmitter that binds with muscarinic receptors 
D)  has neurons that display nicotinic receptors 
E)  all of these

Question 12

Complete each of the following statments.
Sympathetic activity inhibits the secretion of ____________________ from the pancreas.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Complete each of the following statments.
Sympathetic activity...

Question 13

Nicotinic receptors

Accepted Answer

A)  bind with acetylcholine released from parasympathetic postganglionic fibers 
B)  respond to acetylcholine released from sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic fibers 
C)  are found primarily in the heart 
D)  bind with norepinephrine released from sympathetic postganglionic fibers 
E)  none of these 
A)  bind with acetylcholine released from parasympathetic postganglionic fibers 
B)  respond to acetylcholine released from sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic fibers 
C)  are found primarily in the heart 
D)  bind with norepinephrine released from sympathetic postganglionic fibers 
E)  none of these

Question 14

Which is not characteristic of sympathetic pathways?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fibers originate from the thoracic and lumbar levels. 
B)  Preganglionic fibers release norepinephrine. 
C)  Some postganglionic fibers release ACh. 
D)  Short preganglionic fibers. 
E)  Most preganglionic fibers synapse in the chain ganglia. 
A)  Fibers originate from the thoracic and lumbar levels. 
B)  Preganglionic fibers release norepinephrine. 
C)  Some postganglionic fibers release ACh. 
D)  Short preganglionic fibers. 
E)  Most preganglionic fibers synapse in the chain ganglia.

Question 15

The sympathetic nervous system

Accepted Answer

A)  is always excitatory for smooth muscle 
B)  innervates only tissues concerned with protecting the body against challenges from the outside environment 
C)  dominates in rest-and-digest situations 
D)  contains cholinergic and adrenergic fibers 
E)  contains cholinergic and adrenergic fibers and is always excitatory for smooth muscle 
A)  is always excitatory for smooth muscle 
B)  innervates only tissues concerned with protecting the body against challenges from the outside environment 
C)  dominates in rest-and-digest situations 
D)  contains cholinergic and adrenergic fibers 
E)  contains cholinergic and adrenergic fibers and is always excitatory for smooth muscle

Question 16

An EPP

Accepted Answer

A)  occurs because of Na+ diffusing into a muscle fiber after ACh binds with a receptor on the muscle fiber 
B)  is usually smaller in magnitude than an EPSP 
C)  is terminated when Ca2+ inactivates acetylcholine 
D)  occurs because of Na+ diffusing into a muscle fiber after ACh binds with a receptor on the muscle fiber and is usually smaller in magnitude than an EPSP 
E)  occurs because of Na+ diffusing into a muscle fiber after ACh binds with a receptor on the muscle fiber and is terminated when Ca2+ inactivates acetylcholine 
A)  occurs because of Na+ diffusing into a muscle fiber after ACh binds with a receptor on the muscle fiber 
B)  is usually smaller in magnitude than an EPSP 
C)  is terminated when Ca2+ inactivates acetylcholine 
D)  occurs because of Na+ diffusing into a muscle fiber after ACh binds with a receptor on the muscle fiber and is usually smaller in magnitude than an EPSP 
E)  occurs because of Na+ diffusing into a muscle fiber after ACh binds with a receptor on the muscle fiber and is terminated when Ca2+ inactivates acetylcholine

Question 17

Use this figure to answer the following questions.
The effector for the neuron labeled 3
  
a.	uses cholinergic receptors to respond to stimulation from 3
b.	is stimulated by ACh from 3, which is a preganglionic neuron
c.	uses adrenergic receptors to respond to stimulation from 3
d.	is inhibited by neuron 3
e.	None of these

Accepted Answer

The answer of Use this figure to answer the following...

Question 18

Complete each of the following statments.
The ____________________ is a modified sympathetic ganglion that secretes hormones similar or identical to sympathetic postganglionic neurotransmitters into the blood.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Complete each of the following statments.
The ____________________...

Question 19

The neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction is

Accepted Answer

A)  acetylcholine 
B)  the same as the transmitter substance at parasympathetic postganglionic nerve endings 
C)  the same as that released by all preganglionic fibers 
D)  acetylcholine and the same as the transmitter substance at parasympathetic postganglionic nerve endings 
E)  all of these 
A)  acetylcholine 
B)  the same as the transmitter substance at parasympathetic postganglionic nerve endings 
C)  the same as that released by all preganglionic fibers 
D)  acetylcholine and the same as the transmitter substance at parasympathetic postganglionic nerve endings 
E)  all of these

Question 20

Parasympathetic stimulation ____ heart rate and ____ the motility in the digestive tract.

Accepted Answer

A)  does not affect; increases 
B)  decreases; decreases 
C)  decreases; increases 
D)  increases; decreases 
E)  increases; increases 
A)  does not affect; increases 
B)  decreases; decreases 
C)  decreases; increases 
D)  increases; decreases 
E)  increases; increases

Exam 7: The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

Action potentials are initiated at the motor end-plate region of skeletal muscle fibers.

Myasthenia gravis

An EPP is a graded potential.

Complete each of the following statments. Parasympathetic preganglionic fibers arise from the ____________________ and ____________________ areas of the CNS.

Which of the following is the final signaling step following impulse conduction along the axon terminal?

It is possible through the use of drugs to activate the receptors found in bronchiolar smooth muscle without influencing the receptors in the heart.

Acetylcholinesterase is stored in secretory vesicles in the motor end plate of the muscle fiber.

Select the incorrect statement about the parasympathetic nervous system.

Complete each of the following statments. The origin of the somatic nervous system is in the ____________________ horn of the spinal cord.

By blocking the effect of acetylcholine at muscarinic but not nicotinic receptors, atropine is able to block parasympathetic effects while not influencing sympathetic activity at all.

The parasympathetic nervous system

Complete each of the following statments. Sympathetic activity inhibits the secretion of ____________________ from the pancreas.

Nicotinic receptors

Which is not characteristic of sympathetic pathways?

The sympathetic nervous system

An EPP

Complete each of the following statments. The ____________________ is a modified sympathetic ganglion that secretes hormones similar or identical to sympathetic postganglionic neurotransmitters into the blood.

The neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction is

Parasympathetic stimulation ____ heart rate and ____ the motility in the digestive tract.

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cell Physiology

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

A--The Central Nervous System

B--The Central Nervous System

A--The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division; Special Senses

B--The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division; Special Senses

A--Muscle Physiology

B--Muscle Physiology

A--Cardiac Physiology

B--Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood

Body Defenses

A--The Respiratory System

B--The Respiratory System

A--The Urinary System

B--The Urinary System

A--Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

B--Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

A--The Digestive System

B--The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

A--Principles of Endocrinology: the Central Endocrine Glands

B--Principles of Endocrinology: the Central Endocrine Glands

A--The Peripheral Endocrine Glands

B--The Peripheral Endocrine Glands

A--The Reproductive System

B--The Reproductive System

Filters

Complete each of the following statments. Parasympathetic preganglionic fibers arise from the and areas of the CNS.

Parasympathetic stimulation heart rate and the motility in the digestive tract.