Question 1

When graphing data, scientists plot the ________ on the x-axis.

Accepted Answer

A)  independent variable 
B)  dependent variable 
C)  control 
D)  sampling error 
A)  independent variable 
B)  dependent variable 
C)  control 
D)  sampling error A

Question 2

Bias in an experiment can occur when

Accepted Answer

A)  a subject does not know who is in the control or experimental groups. 
B)  a technician knows which samples are from the control group. 
C)  a subject finds out the results of the experiment after it is finished. 
D)  a researcher randomly assigns subjects to the control or experimental group. 
A)  a subject does not know who is in the control or experimental groups. 
B)  a technician knows which samples are from the control group. 
C)  a subject finds out the results of the experiment after it is finished. 
D)  a researcher randomly assigns subjects to the control or experimental group. B

Question 3

________ reasoning takes the form of "if/then" statements.

Accepted Answer

Deductive

Question 4

Which of the following is a testable hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Taking zinc lozenges at the first sign of cold symptoms is wise. 
B)  Avoiding contact with other people reduces the chance of catching a cold. 
C)  Being a good driver makes you less likely to catch a cold. 
D)  Sleeping eight hours a night makes you feel better when you have a cold. 
A)  Taking zinc lozenges at the first sign of cold symptoms is wise. 
B)  Avoiding contact with other people reduces the chance of catching a cold. 
C)  Being a good driver makes you less likely to catch a cold. 
D)  Sleeping eight hours a night makes you feel better when you have a cold.

Question 5

When an experiment has a large sample size, and there is a large difference between the results in the experimental and control groups, it is ________ that the experimental results are statistically significant.

Accepted Answer

A)  very unlikely 
B)  unlikely 
C)  somewhat likely 
D)  very likely 
A)  very unlikely 
B)  unlikely 
C)  somewhat likely 
D)  very likely

Question 6

The germ theory was developed by microbiologists, including

Accepted Answer

A)  Warren and Marshall. 
B)  Pasteur and Koch. 
C)  Watson and Crick. 
D)  Jacob and Monad. 
A)  Warren and Marshall. 
B)  Pasteur and Koch. 
C)  Watson and Crick. 
D)  Jacob and Monad.

Question 7

In science, an individual's personal experience or endorsement is considered to be

Accepted Answer

A)  anecdotal evidence. 
B)  circumstantial evidence. 
C)  a primary source. 
D)  a peer review. 
A)  anecdotal evidence. 
B)  circumstantial evidence. 
C)  a primary source. 
D)  a peer review.

Question 8

The purpose of double-blind experiments is to

Accepted Answer

A)  ensure that the hypothesis is scientifically testable. 
B)  see if the experimental group will respond differently than the control group. 
C)  help the subjects in an experiment understand the treatment they are receiving. 
D)  minimize the effects of human bias on the results. 
A)  ensure that the hypothesis is scientifically testable. 
B)  see if the experimental group will respond differently than the control group. 
C)  help the subjects in an experiment understand the treatment they are receiving. 
D)  minimize the effects of human bias on the results.

Question 9

According to scientific evidence, what is the best prevention method known for reducing the chance of contracting a common cold?

Accepted Answer

A)  drinking Echinacea tea at least once a day 
B)  eating 500 mg of vitamin C a day 
C)  using throat lozenges that contain zinc 
D)  washing your hands frequently and effectively 
A)  drinking Echinacea tea at least once a day 
B)  eating 500 mg of vitamin C a day 
C)  using throat lozenges that contain zinc 
D)  washing your hands frequently and effectively

Question 10

Which of the following is an appropriate scientific hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bad people catch more colds than good people. 
B)  Cold viruses should be allowed to reproduce just like anything else. 
C)  It is unethical to go to school when you have a cold. 
D)  People catch colds because of exposure to cold temperature. 
A)  Bad people catch more colds than good people. 
B)  Cold viruses should be allowed to reproduce just like anything else. 
C)  It is unethical to go to school when you have a cold. 
D)  People catch colds because of exposure to cold temperature.

Question 11

The most effective control subjects in a test of an experimental treatment are

Accepted Answer

A)  a different age or gender than the experimental subjects. 
B)  given different doses of the experimental treatment. 
C)  kept well informed of what treatment they are getting. 
D)  treated the same as experimental subjects but not given the experimental treatment. 
A)  a different age or gender than the experimental subjects. 
B)  given different doses of the experimental treatment. 
C)  kept well informed of what treatment they are getting. 
D)  treated the same as experimental subjects but not given the experimental treatment.

Question 12

A(n)________ (two words)result is one that is very unlikely to be due to chance differences between the experimental and control groups.

Accepted Answer

statistica

Question 13

Consider this hypothesis: "Drinking Echinacea tea reduces the duration and severity of colds." Which of the following statements is the best prediction based on this hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  If people with a cold drink Echinacea tea, then they will feel better sooner than people who don't consume the tea. 
B)  If people with a cold drink Echinacea tea, then an ingredient in the tea will bind to cold viruses and destroy them. 
C)  If people with a cold drink Echinacea tea, then the tea will reduce their stress, making them feel better. 
D)  If a person doesn't drink Echinacea tea, then he or she will catch a cold very easily. 
A)  If people with a cold drink Echinacea tea, then they will feel better sooner than people who don't consume the tea. 
B)  If people with a cold drink Echinacea tea, then an ingredient in the tea will bind to cold viruses and destroy them. 
C)  If people with a cold drink Echinacea tea, then the tea will reduce their stress, making them feel better. 
D)  If a person doesn't drink Echinacea tea, then he or she will catch a cold very easily.

Question 14

A scientific hypothesis has which of the following features?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is able to be proven true. 
B)  It is falsifiable. 
C)  It is a theory about something. 
D)  It is not based on observations. 
A)  It is able to be proven true. 
B)  It is falsifiable. 
C)  It is a theory about something. 
D)  It is not based on observations.

Question 15

Which of the following statements is a testable scientific hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Antioxidants from food are better than antioxidants from a vitamin pill. 
B)  Eating fish reduces the chance of having a stroke. 
C)  Embryonic stem cell research will allow scientists to find a cure for diabetes. 
D)  Smoking makes people less attractive. 
A)  Antioxidants from food are better than antioxidants from a vitamin pill. 
B)  Eating fish reduces the chance of having a stroke. 
C)  Embryonic stem cell research will allow scientists to find a cure for diabetes. 
D)  Smoking makes people less attractive.

Question 16

Results from one test of a new drug are found to be statistically significant; therefore, the hypothesis

Accepted Answer

A)  is accepted as correct. 
B)  is called a theory. 
C)  is rejected. 
D)  should be tested again. 
A)  is accepted as correct. 
B)  is called a theory. 
C)  is rejected. 
D)  should be tested again.

Question 17

Sampling error can be reduced by

Accepted Answer

A)  increasing the sample size. 
B)  performing statistical tests on experimental data. 
C)  performing double-blind experiments. 
D)  closely monitoring changes in the experimental and control groups. 
A)  increasing the sample size. 
B)  performing statistical tests on experimental data. 
C)  performing double-blind experiments. 
D)  closely monitoring changes in the experimental and control groups.

Question 18

The study of specific human populations for unusually high levels of a disease is

Accepted Answer

A)  a case-control study. 
B)  a cross-sectional survey. 
C)  an ecological study. 
D)  a correlational experiment. 
A)  a case-control study. 
B)  a cross-sectional survey. 
C)  an ecological study. 
D)  a correlational experiment.

Question 19

A scientific theory is

Accepted Answer

A)  an explanation supported by a very large amount of experimental evidence. 
B)  an explanation that cannot be modified in light of new experimental evidence. 
C)  little more than an educated guess. 
D)  any testable explanation for a question or problem. 
A)  an explanation supported by a very large amount of experimental evidence. 
B)  an explanation that cannot be modified in light of new experimental evidence. 
C)  little more than an educated guess. 
D)  any testable explanation for a question or problem.

Question 20

Scientific information called ________, which are collected from well-designed experiments, should allow researchers to either reject or support a hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Scientific information called ________, which are collected...

Exam 1: Can Science Cure the Common Cold? Introduction to the Scientific Method

When graphing data, scientists plot the ________ on the x-axis.

Bias in an experiment can occur when

________ reasoning takes the form of "if/then" statements.

Which of the following is a testable hypothesis?

When an experiment has a large sample size, and there is a large difference between the results in the experimental and control groups, it is ________ that the experimental results are statistically significant.

The germ theory was developed by microbiologists, including

In science, an individual's personal experience or endorsement is considered to be

The purpose of double-blind experiments is to

According to scientific evidence, what is the best prevention method known for reducing the chance of contracting a common cold?

Which of the following is an appropriate scientific hypothesis?

The most effective control subjects in a test of an experimental treatment are

A(n)________ (two words)result is one that is very unlikely to be due to chance differences between the experimental and control groups.

Consider this hypothesis: "Drinking Echinacea tea reduces the duration and severity of colds." Which of the following statements is the best prediction based on this hypothesis?

A scientific hypothesis has which of the following features?

Which of the following statements is a testable scientific hypothesis?

Results from one test of a new drug are found to be statistically significant; therefore, the hypothesis

Sampling error can be reduced by

The study of specific human populations for unusually high levels of a disease is

A scientific theory is

Scientific information called ________, which are collected from well-designed experiments, should allow researchers to either reject or support a hypothesis.

Are We Alone in the Universe? Water, Biochemistry, and Cells

Is It Possible to Supplement Your Way to Better Health?

Fat: How Much is Right for You? Enzymes, Metabolism, and Cellular Respiration

Life in the Greenhouse: Photosynthesis and Global Warming

Cancer: DNA Synthesis, Mitosis, and Meiosis

Are You Only as Smart as Your Genes? Mendelian and Quantitative Genetics

DNA Detective: Complex Patterns of Inheritance and DNA Fingerprinting

Genetically Modified Organisms: Gene Expression, Mutation, and Cloning

Where Did We Come From? The Evidence for Evolution

An Evolving Enemy: Natural Selection

Who Am I? Species and Races

Prospecting for Biological Gold: Biodiversity and Classification

Is the Human Population Too Large? Population Ecology

Conserving Biodiversity: Community and Ecosystem Ecology

Where Do You Live? Climate and Biomes

Organ Donation: Tissues Organs and Organ Systems

Clearing the Air: Respiratory Cardiovascular and Excretory Systems

Vaccinations: Protection and Prevention or Peril? Immune System

Sex Differences and Athleticism: Endocrine Skeletal and Muscular Systems

Is There Something in the Water? Reproductive and Developmental Biology

Attention Deficit Disorder: Brain Structure and Function

Feeding the World: Plant Structure and Growth

Growing a Green Thumb: Plant Physiology

Filters