Exam 18: Clearing the Air: Respiratory Cardiovascular and Excretory Systems

Why is the countercurrent gas exchange that occurs in fish an effective system for extracting oxygen from water?

Scientific studies suggest that of the many organs susceptible to cancer as a result of smoking, the kidneys and bladder are exceptions, showing no differences in cancer rates as compared to nonsmokers.

The region of the heart that acts as the heart's pacemaker is called the

Blood stem cells originate in the

Secondhand smoke emitted by a lit cigarette combined with the smoke exhaled by active smokers is more accurately referred to as

The respiratory system depends on the nervous system for signals to

Which of the following compounds provides a slippery consistency in the lungs preventing the alveoli walls from sticking together?

The blood in veins becomes bluish in color when it has become deoxygenated.

Of the 170,000 new cases of lung cancer diagnosed in the United States each year, greater than 90% of these patients are current smokers or former smokers.

Closed circulatory systems

Highly controlled clinical experiments have determined that nonsmokers exposed to ETS have a 20% to 30% higher risk of lung cancer than unexposed nonsmokers.

You hear that horsehair worms don't have any respiratory system. Which of the following would you conclude to be most likely true of horsehair worms?

Which of the following have valves to prevent blood from flowing backwards?

Which of the following return blood to the heart?

Respiratory pigments are specialized proteins in blood that

The presence of known carcinogens in ETS supports the argument that ETS can cause lung cancer in nonsmokers.

Filtration is the process by which plasma is forced through tiny holes in the capillary walls by blood pressure and into the upstream end of the nephron.

-Refer to the figure to answer the following question: Which of the following structures will give rise to alveoli, where gas exchange will occur?

Which of these is a potential consequence of smoking on the cardiovascular system?

In Southern Copperhead snake venom, you'll find a protein called a disintegrin. Disintegrins bind to a class of membrane receptors called integrins. Platelets use integrin receptors to aggregate at a site of tissue damage. What effect do you think disintegrin has on the snake's prey?