Exam 6: Learning

Whenever Claire goes to the dentist, she becomes anxious and cries. She was not afraid of the dentist on her first visit, so her fear was a learned behaviour. The UCS in this case was probably

A __________ reinforcer is any reward that naturally increase the target behaviour, because it satisfies a basic need.

An animal is conditioned to salivate to the sound of a bell, using Pavlovian procedures. After the conditioning is established, the animal is then put through an extinction procedure and the conditioned salivation disappears. Then the animal is removed from the test situation for several days. When returned to the test situation, which of the following would be evidence of spontaneous recovery?

If a student earns a grade for every three books that they read, which schedule of reinforcement is that?

In Pavlov's classic salivating dog experiment, food is the __________ stimulus.

According to the Law of Effect, which of the following behaviours should become more common?

Marketing executives use __________ conditioning when they employ celebrities to sell products.

Learned behaviour is less prone to extinction if it is conditioned by __________ reinforcement.

Research on learning styles has demonstrated that

Which type of neuron becomes active when we engage in observational learning?

Sheldon is a psychology student and decides to conduct an experiment where he provides reinforcement to his pet rat every so often, independent of its behaviour. After several days of his experiment, Sheldon notices that his rat is engaging in strange behaviours, such as turning around in circles repetitively. Which of the following is an explanation for what likely happened in Sheldon's experiment?

In Pavlov's "salivating dogs" studies, what term is used for salivation that is triggered by sounds rather than by the food itself?

To get back at her sister, Tess steals her sister's sweater. Unfortunately, her sister has so many clothes that she didn't even notice. According to Skinner, is this an example of punishment?

"If a response is followed by a pleasurable consequence, it will tend to be repeated. If a response is followed by an unpleasant consequence, it will tend not to be repeated." This is a statement of

Which reinforcement schedule will result in the fastest initial acquisition of a behaviour?

Nicky tends to bite his nails when he becomes nervous because it calms him down. Nicky's behaviour results from

Describe how conditioned taste aversions develop, how this type of conditioning is different from typical classical conditioning, and how principles of learning are being used to avoid or reduce aversions in cancer patients.

Which of the following is true concerning Bandura's classic "Bobo doll" study?

While on a cruise ship, Kevin became sick after eating a seafood dinner. His food poisoning coupled with sea sickness led to a terrible vacation, and, consequently, Kevin shivers at the mere sight of cruise ships. Kevin's response to any cruise ship, and not just the one that he was on, illustrates the process of

John Garcia's research on conditioned taste aversions helped to disprove the concept of equipotentiality. He exposed some rats to X-rays, which made them nauseated, all rats were exposed to flavoured water and specific sounds. Which of the following results was critical as evidence against equipotentiality?