Exam 6: Learning

A farmer is being troubled by coyotes eating his sheep. In an attempt to solve the problem, he kills a sheep and laces its body with a nausea-inducing drug. He leaves the sheep out where he knows the coyotes roam. He hopes they will learn not to eat the sheep. The farmer is attempting to apply the principles of __________ to accomplish this.

Describe how you would use the principles of classical conditioning to condition a child who is afraid of cats to be comfortable with a neighbour's cat. Describe a procedure similar to the one used by Mary Cover Jones.

Tina trained her dog to fetch her slippers, and would give him a treat each time he did it. She's noticed that recently her dog has started chewing on her slippers instead of bringing them to her. Which of the following describes this sort of situation?

If you wanted to condition someone to be disgusted by the sight of cake, or to be sexually aroused by the sight of cake, which of the following methods would be most effective?

According to two-process theory, which of the following would be an effective method to reduce fears or phobic reactions?

The conditioned stimulus is defined as

If you owned a business and needed to increase worker productivity, describe how you would do so using operant conditioning. Outline at least two reinforcers that you would employ and the ideal schedule or schedules of reinforcement that you would use.

Human beings generally have an aversion to bitter and sour foods. Some researchers suggest that this is because foods that are inedible or even poisonous are often bitter or sour. The tendency of human beings to find these potentially harmful foods repulsive is an example of

Dan wants to teach his young son to help with chores. He knows that the little boy isn't ready to do a lot on his own, so Dan just praises his son for small tasks like putting a toy in the toy box or helping to feed the cat. Over time, Dan's standards will get higher as his little boy can handle more complex work. This is an example of which operant concept?

The typical effect of heroin is a decrease in blood pressure (the UCR), whereas the cues associated with taking heroin, such as a bathroom stall in a seedy nightclub, will, through conditioning, come to elicit an increase in blood pressure (the CR). This means that when the addict enters the bathroom stall, she will experience an immediate increase in blood pressure, which then helps to prevent blood pressure from dropping too low when the heroin is injected. This experience occurs due to

Learning to make a reflex response to a stimulus other than to the original, natural stimulus is called

Explain how classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and biological preparedness relate to phobias.

Which of the following statements about operant conditioning is true?

Kyle and Ben were in a car accident. After the accident, Kyle feels some fear whenever he drives anywhere whereas Ben only gets nervous when he is near the site of the original accident. In this example, Kyle seems to have experienced ______ whereas Ben has experienced ________________.

Which of the following is an example of the S-O-R principle?

Some researchers have suggested that it is easier to develop a fear or phobia of things that we don't see very often (like snakes or cliffs) but difficult to develop a fear of things we see every day (like knives or electrical outlets). Which term is used for this concept?

Which type of learning allows you to ignore irrelevant details about the world, in order to focus on what matters?

Tolman demonstrated __________ learning by showing that rats learn mazes even in the absence of reinforcement.

Darcy is trying a new method to improve his memory, and it claims to allow students to learn twice as much material in half as much time. Darcy tries out the new methods for a few days and feels like he was really focused and productive. He tells his friend that he knows that he'll do better on the exam now because this new method has really improved his learning. Which of the following has likely influenced Darcy's experience of the new method?

In Tolman's classic studies of latent learning by rats in mazes, which of the following groups of rats showed evidence of latent learning?