Exam 6: Learning

Wearing shorts on a hot summer day, because it helps you to feel less hot, is a behaviour that is established by way of

Which of the following is reflective of Seligman's research on conditioned taste aversion?

Which of the following is true concerning Tolman and Honzlik's classic study of latent learning in mazes?

__________ is to the "aha reaction" as __________ is to positive reinforcement.

Operant conditioning would be the best choice to modify which of the following responses?

Which of the following is associated with the development of both drug tolerance and fetishes?

Describe how operant conditioning helps to explain how people develop superstitions?

In ___________ conditioning, the focus is change to voluntary behaviours whereas in _____________ conditioning, the focus is change to _____________ behaviours.

In operant conditioning, target behaviours are __________, whereas in classical conditioning they are __________.

After Pavlov's dogs became conditioned to salivate at the sound of the bell, he experimented with ringing the bell and then failing to present the dogs with any food right away. Soon they stopped salivating to the sound of the bell. This represents the process called

When Pavlov placed meat powder or other food in the mouths of canine subjects, they began to salivate. The salivation was a(n)

As an infant, Stephanie received many painful injections from a doctor. When she later saw a photographer in a white coat that was similar to the doctor's coat, she started to cry. This is an example of

In Pavlov's "salivating dogs" studies, what was the unconditioned response (UCR)?

What would you predict about Little Albert based on the principle of spontaneous recovery?

John has to give his cat Garfield a pill every day. He always opens up the pill bottle (which makes a popping sound) and removes one pill before giving it to Garfield, and he follows this by giving him a treat as a reward. After a while, John notices that when he opens up the pill bottle, Garfield comes running to him right away. In this example, the __________ is the unconditioned stimulus.

Which of the following processes would be most helpful for treating a phobia or serious fear response?

A fixed ratio schedule of reinforcement involves

A negative reinforcer is an aversive stimulus that is __________ and, thus, __________ the probability of a response.

In operant conditioning, what is necessary to create the association between the stimulus and the repetition of a voluntary response?

Your friend Hannah is about to begin chemotherapy treatments for cancer. She read in an information packet that chemotherapy patients often develop aversions to their favourite foods due to illness associated with the treatments. Which of the following would you recommend to Hannah to help her avoid these aversions?