Question 1

The human blastocyst

Accepted Answer

A)  gives rise to umbilical blood vessels. 
B)  contains a fluid-filled central cavity. 
C)  is the expanded end of the gastrula. 
D)  has three germ layers. 
E)  is the fertilized egg. 
A)  gives rise to umbilical blood vessels. 
B)  contains a fluid-filled central cavity. 
C)  is the expanded end of the gastrula. 
D)  has three germ layers. 
E)  is the fertilized egg.

Question 2

Which of the following ducts connect the pulmonary trunk to the aorta in the fetus?

Accepted Answer

A)  oval opening 
B)  venous duct 
C)  arterial duct 
D)  umbilical artery 
E)  umbilical vein 
A)  oval opening 
B)  venous duct 
C)  arterial duct 
D)  umbilical artery 
E)  umbilical vein

Question 3

Which of the following determines the relationship of the individual parts of an organism?

Accepted Answer

A)  embryonic signposts 
B)  morphogen genes 
C)  cytoplasmic segregation routes 
D)  induction genes 
E)  fate maps 
A)  embryonic signposts 
B)  morphogen genes 
C)  cytoplasmic segregation routes 
D)  induction genes 
E)  fate maps

Question 4

During pregnancy, maternal and fetal blood mix with each other.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The allantois

Accepted Answer

A)  becomes the umbilical blood vessels in humans. 
B)  is a structure composed of two germ layers. 
C)  provides nourishment to the chick embryo. 
D)  is involved in gas exchange in the chick embryo. 
E)  becomes the chorionic villi in humans. 
A)  becomes the umbilical blood vessels in humans. 
B)  is a structure composed of two germ layers. 
C)  provides nourishment to the chick embryo. 
D)  is involved in gas exchange in the chick embryo. 
E)  becomes the chorionic villi in humans.

Question 6

Which of the following structures is responsible for gas exchange in the egg of a chicken?

Accepted Answer

A)  yolk sac 
B)  amnion 
C)  embryo 
D)  umbilical cord 
E)  chorion 
A)  yolk sac 
B)  amnion 
C)  embryo 
D)  umbilical cord 
E)  chorion

Question 7

Morphogenesis is

Accepted Answer

A)  the total life cycle of any animal. 
B)  the formation of the shape of the body. 
C)  the mechanism by which gametes are formed. 
D)  a study of the beginning and ending of life. 
E)  the study of aging. 
A)  the total life cycle of any animal. 
B)  the formation of the shape of the body. 
C)  the mechanism by which gametes are formed. 
D)  a study of the beginning and ending of life. 
E)  the study of aging.

Question 8

A failure of the cells in the ectoderm to differentiate correctly would most affect which of the following body systems?

Accepted Answer

A)  epidermis of the skin 
B)  cardiovascular system 
C)  urinary system 
D)  digestive system 
E)  endocrine system 
A)  epidermis of the skin 
B)  cardiovascular system 
C)  urinary system 
D)  digestive system 
E)  endocrine system

Question 9

Which of the following is an advantage of breast-feeding?

Accepted Answer

A)  Colostrum provides proteins and antibodies to the baby. 
B)  Breast-fed babies are less likely to develop stomach and intestinal illnesses, including diarrhea, during the first 13 weeks of life. 
C)  Suckling causes uterine contractions that help reduce the uterus to its normal size. 
D)  Breast-feeding uses up calories that can help a woman return to her normal weight. 
E)  All of the answer choices are advantages of breast-feeding. 
A)  Colostrum provides proteins and antibodies to the baby. 
B)  Breast-fed babies are less likely to develop stomach and intestinal illnesses, including diarrhea, during the first 13 weeks of life. 
C)  Suckling causes uterine contractions that help reduce the uterus to its normal size. 
D)  Breast-feeding uses up calories that can help a woman return to her normal weight. 
E)  All of the answer choices are advantages of breast-feeding.

Question 10

The sex of the fetus can be first determined in which month of development?

Accepted Answer

A)  first 
B)  second 
C)  third or fourth 
D)  six or seventh 
E)  eighth or ninth 
A)  first 
B)  second 
C)  third or fourth 
D)  six or seventh 
E)  eighth or ninth

Question 11

Which statement is true about homeotic genes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Each homeotic gene has a variable region and a sequence called the homeobox that is very similar in all such genes. 
B)  They have been found in almost all eukaryotic organisms. 
C)  All homeotic genes are thought to be derived from an original DNA sequence that has been highly conserved in evolution because of its importance to animal evolution. 
D)  They are sequentially arranged on the chromosome in the same sequence they are activated during development of the embryo in Drosophila. 
E)  All the answer choices accurately describe homeotic genes. 
A)  Each homeotic gene has a variable region and a sequence called the homeobox that is very similar in all such genes. 
B)  They have been found in almost all eukaryotic organisms. 
C)  All homeotic genes are thought to be derived from an original DNA sequence that has been highly conserved in evolution because of its importance to animal evolution. 
D)  They are sequentially arranged on the chromosome in the same sequence they are activated during development of the embryo in Drosophila. 
E)  All the answer choices accurately describe homeotic genes.

Question 12

Free radicals cause aging because

Accepted Answer

A)  they collect in the organs and skin, forming large molecules that interfere with organ function. 
B)  they donate electrons to molecules that are nearby, like DNA and proteins, causing damage to the molecule. 
C)  free radicals combine together and attack DNA. 
D)  free radicals combine with oxygen, reducing the functionality of the mitochondria. 
E)  they speed up metabolic processes, causing the organs to wear out faster. 
A)  they collect in the organs and skin, forming large molecules that interfere with organ function. 
B)  they donate electrons to molecules that are nearby, like DNA and proteins, causing damage to the molecule. 
C)  free radicals combine together and attack DNA. 
D)  free radicals combine with oxygen, reducing the functionality of the mitochondria. 
E)  they speed up metabolic processes, causing the organs to wear out faster.

Question 13

The statement "a child is more closely related to its mother than to its father" is

Accepted Answer

A)  not true because there is an equal contribution from both parents. 
B)  true because the egg contains more than just DNA and the sperm only contributes DNA. 
C)  not true because the egg only contributes DNA, while the sperm contributes enzymes from the acrosome and mitochondria. 
D)  true because the mother's blood flows into the umbilical cord and, therefore, the baby shares the mother's blood. 
E)  true because it is possible for a woman to become pregnant without the sperm. 
A)  not true because there is an equal contribution from both parents. 
B)  true because the egg contains more than just DNA and the sperm only contributes DNA. 
C)  not true because the egg only contributes DNA, while the sperm contributes enzymes from the acrosome and mitochondria. 
D)  true because the mother's blood flows into the umbilical cord and, therefore, the baby shares the mother's blood. 
E)  true because it is possible for a woman to become pregnant without the sperm.

Question 14

Genes that determine how segments develop during morphogenesis are known as

Accepted Answer

A)  induction genes. 
B)  cleavage genes. 
C)  differentiation genes. 
D)  homeotic genes. 
E)  master genes. 
A)  induction genes. 
B)  cleavage genes. 
C)  differentiation genes. 
D)  homeotic genes. 
E)  master genes.

Question 15

In order to provide for easier birth, a newborn baby has membranous areas of skull called

Accepted Answer

A)  oval windows. 
B)  bursa. 
C)  sutures. 
D)  septa. 
E)  fontanels. 
A)  oval windows. 
B)  bursa. 
C)  sutures. 
D)  septa. 
E)  fontanels.

Question 16

Which of the following is true about age-related issues?

Accepted Answer

A)  Neurons are extremely sensitive to oxygen deficiency, so loss of brain function may occur due to narrowing of the blood vessels rather than aging. 
B)  With age, some sensory receptors require more stimulation to function at the same level as before. 
C)  Strength in the muscles that control breathing may be lost, leading to breathing difficulties. 
D)  Osteoporosis, the loss of bone density, can be lessened or prevented by making good lifestyle choices. 
E)  All of the answer choices are true. 
A)  Neurons are extremely sensitive to oxygen deficiency, so loss of brain function may occur due to narrowing of the blood vessels rather than aging. 
B)  With age, some sensory receptors require more stimulation to function at the same level as before. 
C)  Strength in the muscles that control breathing may be lost, leading to breathing difficulties. 
D)  Osteoporosis, the loss of bone density, can be lessened or prevented by making good lifestyle choices. 
E)  All of the answer choices are true.

Question 17

Which of the following structures provides nourishment for the developing chick embryo?

Accepted Answer

A)  umbilical cord 
B)  allantois 
C)  yolk sac 
D)  embryo 
E)  chorion 
A)  umbilical cord 
B)  allantois 
C)  yolk sac 
D)  embryo 
E)  chorion

Question 18

The fluid-filled blastocoel forms during which stage of cellular development?

Accepted Answer

A)  morula 
B)  blastula 
C)  gastrula 
D)  zygote 
E)  neurula 
A)  morula 
B)  blastula 
C)  gastrula 
D)  zygote 
E)  neurula

Question 19

A pregnancy test is sensitive to which hormone? What structure produces this hormone?

Accepted Answer

A)  FSH; anterior pituitary 
B)  estrogen; ovary 
C)  progesterone; corpus luteum 
D)  HCG; trophoblast 
E)  GnRH; hypothalamus 
A)  FSH; anterior pituitary 
B)  estrogen; ovary 
C)  progesterone; corpus luteum 
D)  HCG; trophoblast 
E)  GnRH; hypothalamus

Question 20

What role does the acrosome play in fertilization?

Accepted Answer

A)  It contains enzymes that digest a pathway for the sperm through the zona pellucida. 
B)  It contains lipids that digest a pathway for the sperm through the zona pellucida. 
C)  It contains enzymes that digest a pathway for the sperm through the corona radiata. 
D)  It contains lipids that digest a pathway for the sperm through the corona radiata. 
E)  It causes the zona pellucida to become the fertilization membrane. 
A)  It contains enzymes that digest a pathway for the sperm through the zona pellucida. 
B)  It contains lipids that digest a pathway for the sperm through the zona pellucida. 
C)  It contains enzymes that digest a pathway for the sperm through the corona radiata. 
D)  It contains lipids that digest a pathway for the sperm through the corona radiata. 
E)  It causes the zona pellucida to become the fertilization membrane.

Exam 22: Development and Aging

The human blastocyst

Which of the following ducts connect the pulmonary trunk to the aorta in the fetus?

Which of the following determines the relationship of the individual parts of an organism?

During pregnancy, maternal and fetal blood mix with each other.

The allantois

Which of the following structures is responsible for gas exchange in the egg of a chicken?

Morphogenesis is

A failure of the cells in the ectoderm to differentiate correctly would most affect which of the following body systems?

Which of the following is an advantage of breast-feeding?

The sex of the fetus can be first determined in which month of development?

Which statement is true about homeotic genes?

Free radicals cause aging because

The statement "a child is more closely related to its mother than to its father" is

Genes that determine how segments develop during morphogenesis are known as

In order to provide for easier birth, a newborn baby has membranous areas of skull called

Which of the following is true about age-related issues?

Which of the following structures provides nourishment for the developing chick embryo?

The fluid-filled blastocoel forms during which stage of cellular development?

A pregnancy test is sensitive to which hormone? What structure produces this hormone?

What role does the acrosome play in fertilization?

The Study of Life

The Molecules of Cells

Cell Structure and Function

Membrane Structure and Function

Cell Division

Metabolism: Energy and Enzymes

Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis

Plant Organization and Function

Plant Reproduction and Responses

Human Organization

Cardiovascular System

Lymphatic and Immune Systems

Digestive System and Nutrition

Respiratory System

Urinary System and Excretion

Nervous System

Senses

Musculoskeletal System

Endocrine System

Reproductive System

Patterns of Gene Inheritance

Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

Dna Structure and Gene Expression

Biotechnology and Genomics

Evolution of Life

Microbiology

Protists and Fungi

Plants

Animals: the Invertebrates

Animals: Chordates and Vertebrates

Behavioral Ecology

Population and Community Ecology

Nature of Ecosystems

Major Ecosystems of the Biosphere

Conservation Biology

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