Question 1

If the proteins forming the cell junctions within the stomach were denatured, what is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

A)  The desmosome junctions would not hold together, causing the cells in the stomach to pull apart. 
B)  The tight junctions would not hold together, causing the cells in the stomach to pull apart. 
C)  The desmosome junctions would be bonded together more tightly, causing the cells in the stomach to form a solid barrier. 
D)  The gap junctions would not hold together, causing the cells in the stomach to be unable to pass ions back and forth. 
E)  The desmosome junctions would not hold together, causing the cells in the kidney to pull apart. 
A)  The desmosome junctions would not hold together, causing the cells in the stomach to pull apart. 
B)  The tight junctions would not hold together, causing the cells in the stomach to pull apart. 
C)  The desmosome junctions would be bonded together more tightly, causing the cells in the stomach to form a solid barrier. 
D)  The gap junctions would not hold together, causing the cells in the stomach to be unable to pass ions back and forth. 
E)  The desmosome junctions would not hold together, causing the cells in the kidney to pull apart.

Question 2

What will happen to dye crystals if placed in the bottom of a beaker of water?

Accepted Answer

A)  They will undergo osmosis to a different location. 
B)  They will undergo active transport to a different location. 
C)  They will all diffuse to the top of the beaker. 
D)  They will diffuse equally throughout the beaker. 
E)  They will stay at the bottom of the beaker. 
A)  They will undergo osmosis to a different location. 
B)  They will undergo active transport to a different location. 
C)  They will all diffuse to the top of the beaker. 
D)  They will diffuse equally throughout the beaker. 
E)  They will stay at the bottom of the beaker.

Question 3

Of the following conditions, which is absolutely necessary for diffusion to take place?

Accepted Answer

A)  a differentially permeable membrane 
B)  low temperatures 
C)  a concentration difference 
D)  a non-permeable membrane 
E)  a living cell 
A)  a differentially permeable membrane 
B)  low temperatures 
C)  a concentration difference 
D)  a non-permeable membrane 
E)  a living cell

Question 4

What two components are commonly found in the extracellular matrix that help resist stretching and provide resilience?

Accepted Answer

A)  proteins and polysaccharides 
B)  proteins and phospholipids 
C)  polysaccharides and phospholipids 
D)  amino acids and phospholipids 
E)  nucleic acids and proteins 
A)  proteins and polysaccharides 
B)  proteins and phospholipids 
C)  polysaccharides and phospholipids 
D)  amino acids and phospholipids 
E)  nucleic acids and proteins

Question 5

In the new procedures developed to clone a mammalian cell, the nucleus is removed from an egg cell and the nucleus from the adult to be cloned is injected inside this cell. If we did this process with a basketball, we would permanently damage the shell. What property of the cell repairs this damage?

Accepted Answer

A)  diffusion of cell membrane proteins 
B)  carrier proteins restore the membrane lipids 
C)  isotonic solutions 
D)  outer and inner sides of the plasma membrane have identical carbohydrate chains 
E)  the fluid-mosaic nature of the membrane 
A)  diffusion of cell membrane proteins 
B)  carrier proteins restore the membrane lipids 
C)  isotonic solutions 
D)  outer and inner sides of the plasma membrane have identical carbohydrate chains 
E)  the fluid-mosaic nature of the membrane

Question 6

Two solutions are separated by a selectively permeable membrane. On side A, there is a solution composed of 20% protein and 80% water. On side B, the solution is 100% water. Initially, the solution on side B is ________ to the solution on side A.

Accepted Answer

A)  hypotonic 
B)  hypertonic 
C)  isotonic 
A)  hypotonic 
B)  hypertonic 
C)  isotonic

Question 7

A student sitting in the back row opened a bottle of foul-smelling perfume and dabbed it on her wrists. One by one (beginning from the back of the room), the students began to cough due to the foul smell. This phenomenon was due to

Accepted Answer

A)  osmosis. 
B)  molecules moving from an area of low concentration to high concentration. 
C)  an allergic reaction. 
D)  diffusion. 
E)  active transport. 
A)  osmosis. 
B)  molecules moving from an area of low concentration to high concentration. 
C)  an allergic reaction. 
D)  diffusion. 
E)  active transport.

Question 8

When you add sugar to your coffee or tea, the sugar is the

Accepted Answer

A)  permeable. 
B)  solvent. 
C)  gradient. 
D)  solution. 
E)  solute. 
A)  permeable. 
B)  solvent. 
C)  gradient. 
D)  solution. 
E)  solute.

Question 9

One way to determine whether something is being actively transported across a membrane is to compare its rate of transport with and without a chemical that blocks ATP production.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Two solutions are separated by a selectively permeable membrane. On side A, there is a solution composed of 20% protein and 80% water. On side B, the solution is 100% water. As osmosis occurs, what will happen to the solution on side A?

Accepted Answer

A)  It will become less concentrated since protein will move from A to B. 
B)  It will become more concentrated since water passes from B to A. 
C)  It will become more concentrated since water passes from A to B. 
D)  It will become less concentrated since water passes from B to A. 
E)  It will become more concentrated since protein will move from B to A. 
A)  It will become less concentrated since protein will move from A to B. 
B)  It will become more concentrated since water passes from B to A. 
C)  It will become more concentrated since water passes from A to B. 
D)  It will become less concentrated since water passes from B to A. 
E)  It will become more concentrated since protein will move from B to A.

Question 11

The term hypertonic means

Accepted Answer

A)  to lose water. 
B)  to gain water. 
C)  a higher solute concentration. 
D)  a lower solute concentration. 
E)  an equal solute concentration. 
A)  to lose water. 
B)  to gain water. 
C)  a higher solute concentration. 
D)  a lower solute concentration. 
E)  an equal solute concentration.

Question 12

If a cell lacks ATP, which of the following processes would cease to operate immediately?

Accepted Answer

A)  diffusion 
B)  sodium/potassium pump 
C)  facilitated diffusion 
D)  osmosis 
E)  tonicity 
A)  diffusion 
B)  sodium/potassium pump 
C)  facilitated diffusion 
D)  osmosis 
E)  tonicity

Question 13

In certain cancerous cells, the cell divides continuously even in the absence of a growth factor (signaling molecule) that indicates the cell should divide. Which of the following could explain this?

Accepted Answer

A)  a receptor molecule that is always turned on 
B)  a receptor molecule that is always turned off 
C)  a transduction pathway that is always turned off 
D)  a target protein that is always deactivated 
E)  a gene for cell division that is not expressed when it should be 
A)  a receptor molecule that is always turned on 
B)  a receptor molecule that is always turned off 
C)  a transduction pathway that is always turned off 
D)  a target protein that is always deactivated 
E)  a gene for cell division that is not expressed when it should be

Question 14

Which of the following statements is true regarding the inside and outside of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both the inside and outside of the phospholipid bilayer are identical. 
B)  There are phospholipids on both sides of the membrane, but cytoskeletal filaments are present on the outside and carbohydrates and glycolipids are present on the inside. 
C)  There are phospholipids on both sides of the membrane, but cytoskeletal filaments are present on the inside and carbohydrates and glycolipids are present on the outside. 
D)  The inside consists of a phospholipid bilayer while the outside consists of a layer of carbohydrates and glycolipids. 
E)  The outside consists of a phospholipid bilayer while the inside consists of a layer of proteins. 
A)  Both the inside and outside of the phospholipid bilayer are identical. 
B)  There are phospholipids on both sides of the membrane, but cytoskeletal filaments are present on the outside and carbohydrates and glycolipids are present on the inside. 
C)  There are phospholipids on both sides of the membrane, but cytoskeletal filaments are present on the inside and carbohydrates and glycolipids are present on the outside. 
D)  The inside consists of a phospholipid bilayer while the outside consists of a layer of carbohydrates and glycolipids. 
E)  The outside consists of a phospholipid bilayer while the inside consists of a layer of proteins.

Question 15

When a plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, the cell wall prevents

Accepted Answer

A)  diffusion. 
B)  active transport. 
C)  the cell from bursting. 
D)  the cell from shrinking. 
E)  water from entering the cell. 
A)  diffusion. 
B)  active transport. 
C)  the cell from bursting. 
D)  the cell from shrinking. 
E)  water from entering the cell.

Question 16

Which of the following are functions of the plasma membrane? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A)  It separates the internal environment of the cell from the external environment. 
B)  It regulates the entrance and exit of molecules to and from the cell. 
C)  It helps the cell and the organism maintain a steady internal environment. 
D)  It serves as a site for protein synthesis. 
E)  It serves as the site for photosynthesis in plant cells. 
A)  It separates the internal environment of the cell from the external environment. 
B)  It regulates the entrance and exit of molecules to and from the cell. 
C)  It helps the cell and the organism maintain a steady internal environment. 
D)  It serves as a site for protein synthesis. 
E)  It serves as the site for photosynthesis in plant cells.

Question 17

Exocytosis is carried out by proteins in the cell membrane.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Molecules such as glucose and amino acids are not lipid soluble and therefore they

Accepted Answer

A)  easily pass across the cell membrane. 
B)  require active transport to cross the cell membrane. 
C)  must be converted to lipids before they can enter a cell. 
D)  combine with carrier proteins and pass across the cell membrane by facilitated transport. 
E)  must be engulfed by a cell using endocytosis. 
A)  easily pass across the cell membrane. 
B)  require active transport to cross the cell membrane. 
C)  must be converted to lipids before they can enter a cell. 
D)  combine with carrier proteins and pass across the cell membrane by facilitated transport. 
E)  must be engulfed by a cell using endocytosis.

Question 19

When water enters a plant cell

Accepted Answer

A)  it bursts. 
B)  the central vacuole becomes enlarged. 
C)  the central vacuole shrinks. 
D)  it undergoes plasmolysis. 
E)  it undergoes crenation. 
A)  it bursts. 
B)  the central vacuole becomes enlarged. 
C)  the central vacuole shrinks. 
D)  it undergoes plasmolysis. 
E)  it undergoes crenation.

Question 20

The definition of osmosis is the

Accepted Answer

A)  the movement of solute molecules from a higher concentration to a lower concentration. 
B)  diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane. 
C)  likelihood that water will diffuse in a particular direction. 
D)  lower concentration of a solute in a solution. 
E)  movement of water toward a low solute concentration. 
A)  the movement of solute molecules from a higher concentration to a lower concentration. 
B)  diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane. 
C)  likelihood that water will diffuse in a particular direction. 
D)  lower concentration of a solute in a solution. 
E)  movement of water toward a low solute concentration.

Exam 4: Membrane Structure and Function

If the proteins forming the cell junctions within the stomach were denatured, what is a likely consequence?

What will happen to dye crystals if placed in the bottom of a beaker of water?

Of the following conditions, which is absolutely necessary for diffusion to take place?

What two components are commonly found in the extracellular matrix that help resist stretching and provide resilience?

Two solutions are separated by a selectively permeable membrane. On side A, there is a solution composed of 20% protein and 80% water. On side B, the solution is 100% water. Initially, the solution on side B is ________ to the solution on side A.

A student sitting in the back row opened a bottle of foul-smelling perfume and dabbed it on her wrists. One by one (beginning from the back of the room), the students began to cough due to the foul smell. This phenomenon was due to

When you add sugar to your coffee or tea, the sugar is the

One way to determine whether something is being actively transported across a membrane is to compare its rate of transport with and without a chemical that blocks ATP production.

Two solutions are separated by a selectively permeable membrane. On side A, there is a solution composed of 20% protein and 80% water. On side B, the solution is 100% water. As osmosis occurs, what will happen to the solution on side A?

The term hypertonic means

If a cell lacks ATP, which of the following processes would cease to operate immediately?

In certain cancerous cells, the cell divides continuously even in the absence of a growth factor (signaling molecule) that indicates the cell should divide. Which of the following could explain this?

Which of the following statements is true regarding the inside and outside of the plasma membrane?

When a plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, the cell wall prevents

Which of the following are functions of the plasma membrane? Select all that apply.

Exocytosis is carried out by proteins in the cell membrane.

Molecules such as glucose and amino acids are not lipid soluble and therefore they

When water enters a plant cell

The definition of osmosis is the

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