Chat with AIExam 9: Language
What do dogs' communication methods and songbirds' communication methods have in common?
(32) 
VerifiedA
In language development, language ______ typically lags behind language ______.
(28) VerifiedB
Describe researchers' attempts to teach human language to African grey parrots, dogs, and chimpanzees. Explain in what ways those animals' communication differs from human language. If you could study animal communication in any type of animal, which would you choose? Explain how your answer relates to what you have learned in this chapter.
(37) VerifiedStudent examples will vary. A sample answer follows. Parrots, dogs, and chimps have all been able to learn to use words as labels, but none of these animals has been able to use language the way that humans use it.
Because many parrots can mimic human speech, Irene Pepperberg tried to teach an African grey parrot named Alex to use spoken language. Alex was able to identify objects, colors, and compositions, and he combined some words. However, Alex's vocabulary was less than 80 words, which means he fell short as compared with human language skills.
A border collie named Chaser could identify more than 1,000 objects. However, she never learned to communicate complex ideas the way humans do.
Scientists have studied chimpanzees named Washoe, Sarah, Kanzi, and others. Probably the most famous was Washoe, who learned 150 to 200 signs from different syntactic classes. Sarah could follow simple written instructions, and Kanzi could understand and communicate using special symbols. Still, none of these approached humans' inventiveness and flexibility with language.
If I could study communication in a type of animal, I would choose ants. Because they live in groups, they must be able to communicate with one another. I would like to find out if they have complex "dances" similar to bees' communication.
We are able to produce and understand a potentially infinite number of sentences.
(34) A dictionary is arranged in alphabetical order. It seems as though our mental lexicon is organized primarily according to ______.
(39) An issue in language comprehension due to variation in how phonemes are produced is known as ______.
(34) The Swedish, English, Chinese, and Zulu languages all use the same phonemes.
(37) Syntax is the level of representation at which there are rules that specify the ordering of words.
(38) Which of these feats was Alex the African grey parrot capable of?
(28) The subfield of linguistics that examines the use of language within particular contexts is called ______.
(42) Compare and contrast Broca's aphasia and Wernicke's aphasia. Specifically, indicate the brain areas involved in each and explain how these conditions affect language abilities.
(35) Sierra's psychology professor asks her to demonstrate categorical perception for the class. This would involve listening to ______.
(30) Your textbook states that Sarah the chimpanzee "had a 'reading' and 'writing' vocabulary of nearly 130 words." Why are the words "reading" and "writing" in quotation marks?
(27) When you are having a conversation with someone, you often do not stop between words to emphasize that you are saying distinct words. This is known as ______.
(30) The most famous and intensive attempts to teach language to animals have involved African grey parrots.
(37) Your professor has asked you to give a three-minute talk to a group of first-year psychology students. Your topic is "The Organization of the Mental Lexicon." Explain what you would include in your talk and what practical suggestions you would give students to make the most of their mental lexicons.
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