Question 1

According to the cocktail party effect, you are most likely to hear ______ amid several noisy conversations.

Accepted Answer

A)  your friend's voice 
B)  the loudest voice 
C)  discordant music 
D)  your name 
A)  your friend's voice 
B)  the loudest voice 
C)  discordant music 
D)  your name D

Question 2

Participants in Simons and Levin's (1998) study did not notice when a person asking them for directions was switched with another person. This illustrates ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  change blindness 
B)  selective blindness 
C)  inattentional blindness 
D)  bottom-up processing 
A)  change blindness 
B)  selective blindness 
C)  inattentional blindness 
D)  bottom-up processing A

Question 3

Discuss Kahneman's (1973) capacity model of attention and give one example.

Accepted Answer

Student examples will vary. A sample answer follows.
Kahneman theorized that we have limited cognitive resources, which are allocated to different tasks based on our intentions, interests, and motivations. For instance, if you are learning to play the piano, you might be able to pay more attention to learning a song that you enjoy rather than one from a style of music that does not interest you.

Question 4

In a study, participants had to complete two tasks at once or separately. It was found that when they performed both tasks at the same time, they did not perform as well as when they performed the tasks separately. This experiment employed the ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  dual-task method 
B)  filter model of attention 
C)  capacity model of attention 
D)  single-task method 
A)  dual-task method 
B)  filter model of attention 
C)  capacity model of attention 
D)  single-task method

Question 5

Localization of function in the brain is consistent with ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  the dual-task method 
B)  top-down processing 
C)  the filter model of attention 
D)  the feature-integration theory 
A)  the dual-task method 
B)  top-down processing 
C)  the filter model of attention 
D)  the feature-integration theory

Question 6

What was LaBerge's (1983) finding on shifting attention?

Accepted Answer

A)  We can attend to more than one thing at a time. 
B)  Attention shifts very quickly. 
C)  Attention works like a spotlight. 
D)  Attention is a form of bottom-up processing. 
A)  We can attend to more than one thing at a time. 
B)  Attention shifts very quickly. 
C)  Attention works like a spotlight. 
D)  Attention is a form of bottom-up processing.

Question 7

Not noticing that your mother changed the curtains in your family room is an example of change blindness.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Participants in Simons and Chabris' (1999) study did not notice when a gorilla walked across a scene. This illustrates ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  inattentional blindness 
B)  change blindness 
C)  the Simon effect 
D)  perceptual blindness 
A)  inattentional blindness 
B)  change blindness 
C)  the Simon effect 
D)  perceptual blindness

Question 9

What do the models of attention as a spotlight and attention as a mental resource have in common?

Accepted Answer

A)  Neither model explains the factors that divert someone's attention. 
B)  Both models contend that attention is subject to a bottleneck. 
C)  Neither model is taken seriously among modern experts. 
D)  Both models contend that each person's attention is limited. 
A)  Neither model explains the factors that divert someone's attention. 
B)  Both models contend that attention is subject to a bottleneck. 
C)  Neither model is taken seriously among modern experts. 
D)  Both models contend that each person's attention is limited.

Question 10

The two mechanisms hypothesized to underlie the Simon effect are ______ and ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  the theory of unconscious inference; the attentional-movement hypothesis 
B)  the attentional-movement hypothesis; the referential-coding hypothesis 
C)  the computational approach; the referential-coding hypothesis 
D)  sensation; perception 
A)  the theory of unconscious inference; the attentional-movement hypothesis 
B)  the attentional-movement hypothesis; the referential-coding hypothesis 
C)  the computational approach; the referential-coding hypothesis 
D)  sensation; perception

Question 11

Discuss the societal and legislative impact of Strayer and Johnston's study (2001) on the cognition of distracted driving.

Accepted Answer

Strayer and Johnston designed a dual-tas

Question 12

Letter targets and distractors in Schneider and Shiffrin's (1977) task is an example of a(n) ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  varied mapping condition 
B)  consistent mapping condition 
C)  unconscious variable detection 
D)  unsuccessful variable detection 
A)  varied mapping condition 
B)  consistent mapping condition 
C)  unconscious variable detection 
D)  unsuccessful variable detection

Question 13

You are participating in an experiment in which you are told to locate the letter "T" among a field of digits. This is an example of ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  the dual-task method 
B)  a varied mapping condition 
C)  a consistent mapping condition 
D)  the Stroop effect 
A)  the dual-task method 
B)  a varied mapping condition 
C)  a consistent mapping condition 
D)  the Stroop effect

Question 14

Select the correct order of events in Treisman's feature-integration model of attention.

Accepted Answer

A)  dual task > single task > return to dual task 
B)  single task > dual task > return to single task 
C)  conscious, focused attention > automatic feature processing 
D)  automatic feature processing > conscious, focused attention 
A)  dual task > single task > return to dual task 
B)  single task > dual task > return to single task 
C)  conscious, focused attention > automatic feature processing 
D)  automatic feature processing > conscious, focused attention

Question 15

Evidenced by Treisman's filter model of attention, cognitive processes go through revision when new results suggest that the original model is not right.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

The dual-task method compares performance on two simultaneous tasks to performance on one task at a time to see which scenario produces better results.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Treisman's feature-integration theory hypothesizes that people perceive stimuli as a whole rather than as a combination of features.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Daniel Simons created some studies that indicate ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  eyewitness testimony is generally more reliable than statistical information 
B)  in a simple scene of mostly one color, a single example of a different color stands out 
C)  in a complex scene, some important details may elude our attention 
D)  the capacity for focused attention varies greatly by participant age 
A)  eyewitness testimony is generally more reliable than statistical information 
B)  in a simple scene of mostly one color, a single example of a different color stands out 
C)  in a complex scene, some important details may elude our attention 
D)  the capacity for focused attention varies greatly by participant age

Question 19

Interference in response due to inconsistency between the response and the stimulus is known as the Stroop effect.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Discuss the Stroop task. How do the results of this task relate to our everyday attentional processing? Propose a variation of a Stroop task, and discuss how you would carry out an experiment to test it.

Accepted Answer

Student examples will vary. A sample ans

According to the cocktail party effect, you are most likely to hear ______ amid several noisy conversations.

Participants in Simons and Levin's (1998) study did not notice when a person asking them for directions was switched with another person. This illustrates ______.

Discuss Kahneman's (1973) capacity model of attention and give one example.

In a study, participants had to complete two tasks at once or separately. It was found that when they performed both tasks at the same time, they did not perform as well as when they performed the tasks separately. This experiment employed the ______.

Localization of function in the brain is consistent with ______.

What was LaBerge's (1983) finding on shifting attention?

Not noticing that your mother changed the curtains in your family room is an example of change blindness.

Participants in Simons and Chabris' (1999) study did not notice when a gorilla walked across a scene. This illustrates ______.

What do the models of attention as a spotlight and attention as a mental resource have in common?

The two mechanisms hypothesized to underlie the Simon effect are and .

Discuss the societal and legislative impact of Strayer and Johnston's study (2001) on the cognition of distracted driving.

Letter targets and distractors in Schneider and Shiffrin's (1977) task is an example of a(n) ______.

You are participating in an experiment in which you are told to locate the letter "T" among a field of digits. This is an example of ______.

Select the correct order of events in Treisman's feature-integration model of attention.

Evidenced by Treisman's filter model of attention, cognitive processes go through revision when new results suggest that the original model is not right.

The dual-task method compares performance on two simultaneous tasks to performance on one task at a time to see which scenario produces better results.

Treisman's feature-integration theory hypothesizes that people perceive stimuli as a whole rather than as a combination of features.

Daniel Simons created some studies that indicate ______.

Interference in response due to inconsistency between the response and the stimulus is known as the Stroop effect.

Discuss the Stroop task. How do the results of this task relate to our everyday attentional processing? Propose a variation of a Stroop task, and discuss how you would carry out an experiment to test it.

Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Cognitive Neuroscience

Perception

Memory Structures and Processes

Long-Term Memory: Influences on Retrieval

Memory Errors

Imagery

Language

Concepts and Knowledge

Problem Solving

Reasoning and Decision Making

Filters

Exam 4: Attention

According to the cocktail party effect, you are most likely to hear ______ amid several noisy conversations.

Participants in Simons and Levin's (1998) study did not notice when a person asking them for directions was switched with another person. This illustrates ______.

Discuss Kahneman's (1973) capacity model of attention and give one example.

In a study, participants had to complete two tasks at once or separately. It was found that when they performed both tasks at the same time, they did not perform as well as when they performed the tasks separately. This experiment employed the ______.

Localization of function in the brain is consistent with ______.

What was LaBerge's (1983) finding on shifting attention?

Not noticing that your mother changed the curtains in your family room is an example of change blindness.

Participants in Simons and Chabris' (1999) study did not notice when a gorilla walked across a scene. This illustrates ______.

What do the models of attention as a spotlight and attention as a mental resource have in common?

The two mechanisms hypothesized to underlie the Simon effect are ______ and ______.

Discuss the societal and legislative impact of Strayer and Johnston's study (2001) on the cognition of distracted driving.

Letter targets and distractors in Schneider and Shiffrin's (1977) task is an example of a(n) ______.

You are participating in an experiment in which you are told to locate the letter "T" among a field of digits. This is an example of ______.

Select the correct order of events in Treisman's feature-integration model of attention.

Evidenced by Treisman's filter model of attention, cognitive processes go through revision when new results suggest that the original model is not right.

The dual-task method compares performance on two simultaneous tasks to performance on one task at a time to see which scenario produces better results.

Treisman's feature-integration theory hypothesizes that people perceive stimuli as a whole rather than as a combination of features.

Daniel Simons created some studies that indicate ______.

Interference in response due to inconsistency between the response and the stimulus is known as the Stroop effect.

Discuss the Stroop task. How do the results of this task relate to our everyday attentional processing? Propose a variation of a Stroop task, and discuss how you would carry out an experiment to test it.

Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Cognitive Neuroscience

Perception

Memory Structures and Processes

Long-Term Memory: Influences on Retrieval

Memory Errors

Imagery

Language

Concepts and Knowledge

Problem Solving

Reasoning and Decision Making

Filters

The two mechanisms hypothesized to underlie the Simon effect are and .