Question 1

Which one of the following best reflects the use of the sensory register component of memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  You can remember a melody for several hours even though you don't remember the lyrics. 
B)  You can remember something you heard for a second or two even though you weren't initially paying attention to it. 
C)  You can remember the name of a person just long enough to introduce her to someone else. 
D)  You can remember the concept of reinforcement because you are able to relate it to your own experiences. 
A)  You can remember a melody for several hours even though you don't remember the lyrics. 
B)  You can remember something you heard for a second or two even though you weren't initially paying attention to it. 
C)  You can remember the name of a person just long enough to introduce her to someone else. 
D)  You can remember the concept of reinforcement because you are able to relate it to your own experiences.

Question 2

Each of the women below is engaging in two activities simultaneously. Considering contemporary views of attention, identify the woman who should have the greatest difficulty doing both things at once.

Accepted Answer

A)  Amelia is thinking about what to cook for dinner while she combs her hair. 
B)  Brenda is watching the evening news on television while she studies for an exam. 
C)  As Camille walks down the street, she calls a friend on her cell phone to express anger about his inconsiderate behavior earlier in the day. 
D)  As she jogs around the track at the health club, Donna is trying to decide where to go on her vacation next month. 
A)  Amelia is thinking about what to cook for dinner while she combs her hair. 
B)  Brenda is watching the evening news on television while she studies for an exam. 
C)  As Camille walks down the street, she calls a friend on her cell phone to express anger about his inconsiderate behavior earlier in the day. 
D)  As she jogs around the track at the health club, Donna is trying to decide where to go on her vacation next month.

Question 3

Contemporary cognitive theory asserts that humans are actively involved in their own learning. This assertion is most closely aligned to which theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cognitive developmental 
B)  Social cognitive 
C)  Cognitive behavioral 
D)  Cognitive neuroscience 
A)  Cognitive developmental 
B)  Social cognitive 
C)  Cognitive behavioral 
D)  Cognitive neuroscience

Question 4

Several sources of evidence have been used to address the question of whether working memory and long-term memory are separate entities. Which one of the following is not a source of evidence that has been used for this purpose?

Accepted Answer

A)  The serial learning curve 
B)  The behaviors of people who have sustained brain injuries 
C)  The form in which information is stored in different memory tasks 
D)  People's descriptions of how they remember information 
A)  The serial learning curve 
B)  The behaviors of people who have sustained brain injuries 
C)  The form in which information is stored in different memory tasks 
D)  People's descriptions of how they remember information

Question 5

Ms. McDevitt's class has learned how to calculate the area of a rectangle. Ms. McDevitt then asks Teresa how to calculate the area of a square. Which one of the following alternatives best describes the Gestalt perspective of how Teresa would solve this problem?

Accepted Answer

A)  She would engage in trial and error behavior, attempting one solution after another, until she eventually solved the problem. 
B)  She would solve the problem on her own only after watching the teacher solve the problem. 
C)  She would think about the problem for a while and, once she realized that a square was a kind of rectangle, be able to solve the problem. 
D)  Through a process of shaping, with her teacher reinforcing her for appropriate responses, she would eventually solve the problem. 
A)  She would engage in trial and error behavior, attempting one solution after another, until she eventually solved the problem. 
B)  She would solve the problem on her own only after watching the teacher solve the problem. 
C)  She would think about the problem for a while and, once she realized that a square was a kind of rectangle, be able to solve the problem. 
D)  Through a process of shaping, with her teacher reinforcing her for appropriate responses, she would eventually solve the problem.

Question 6

Based on the textbook's discussion, you might best think of attention as being a process of:

Accepted Answer

A)  Turning one's sensory receptors in the direction of desired information 
B)  Making stronger responses to bright or loud stimuli 
C)  Focusing one's cognitive processes on certain stimuli in the environment 
D)  Filtering out unwanted information, in much the same way that an oil filter removes unwanted particles 
A)  Turning one's sensory receptors in the direction of desired information 
B)  Making stronger responses to bright or loud stimuli 
C)  Focusing one's cognitive processes on certain stimuli in the environment 
D)  Filtering out unwanted information, in much the same way that an oil filter removes unwanted particles

Question 7

Marnie attends very closely to the English teacher's lecture because she knows she must pass her English course in order to graduate. Marnie's attentiveness demonstrates the effect of _______ on attention.

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulus intensity 
B)  personal significance 
C)  emotion 
D)  incongruity 
A)  stimulus intensity 
B)  personal significance 
C)  emotion 
D)  incongruity

Question 8

Which of the following children best illustrate the use of effortful control.

Accepted Answer

A)  John loves dogs and can read books about dogs for hours. 
B)  Kate does not like to read and when her mother asks her to read, she watches her favorite TV show instead. 
C)  Beth does not like to read, but knows it is important, so she solely attends to reading for twenty minutes a day. 
D)  Natalie loves to read about dogs, but when she is assigned reading about cats, she takes her dog for a walk instead of completing the reading assignment. 
A)  John loves dogs and can read books about dogs for hours. 
B)  Kate does not like to read and when her mother asks her to read, she watches her favorite TV show instead. 
C)  Beth does not like to read, but knows it is important, so she solely attends to reading for twenty minutes a day. 
D)  Natalie loves to read about dogs, but when she is assigned reading about cats, she takes her dog for a walk instead of completing the reading assignment.

Question 9

When a stray dog wanders into a classroom, all of the students stop their seatwork and watch the teacher try to coax the dog from the room. The students' attentiveness demonstrates the effect of _______ on attention.

Accepted Answer

A)  novelty 
B)  proximity 
C)  size 
D)  personal significance 
A)  novelty 
B)  proximity 
C)  size 
D)  personal significance

Question 10

The theories of Edward Tolman and the Gestalt psychologists were similar with respect to one of the following alternatives. Which one?

Accepted Answer

A)  An emphasis on how knowledge is organized 
B)  An emphasis on cognitive maps 
C)  Research with human subjects 
D)  The law of Prägnanz 
A)  An emphasis on how knowledge is organized 
B)  An emphasis on cognitive maps 
C)  Research with human subjects 
D)  The law of Prägnanz

Question 11

Each of the following teachers is reviewing materials their students will need to know for the upcoming final exam. Three of the following teachers are reviewing in a way that is sensitive to their students cognitive load capacity? Which teacher is not?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mr. Andrews puts all of the information students will need to know for the exam on the board and instructs the students to copy it into notes. 
B)  Mr. Brown presents the information separated into sections. He completes one section before moving on to the next. 
C)  Mr. Carey presents the information slowly and includes many examples and illustrations. 
D)  Mr. Daniels stops and repeats difficult concepts and often re-words confusing information. 
A)  Mr. Andrews puts all of the information students will need to know for the exam on the board and instructs the students to copy it into notes. 
B)  Mr. Brown presents the information separated into sections. He completes one section before moving on to the next. 
C)  Mr. Carey presents the information slowly and includes many examples and illustrations. 
D)  Mr. Daniels stops and repeats difficult concepts and often re-words confusing information.

Question 12

Harry and Sam are both taking French; Harry is also taking German, but Sam is not. Harry and Sam learn these French vocabulary words in their French class: head - la tête
Eye - l'œil
Mouth - la bouche
The following day, Harry learns these German vocabulary words in his German class:
Head - der Kopf
Eye - das Auge
Mouth - der Mund
A week later the two boys are given a French vocabulary quiz in which they are asked to give the French words for head, eye, and mouth. Other things being equal, findings from verbal learning research would lead us to predict that:

Accepted Answer

A)  Due to retroactive inhibition, Harry will get a lower grade on the quiz than Sam. 
B)  Due to proactive inhibition, Harry will get a higher grade on the quiz than Sam. 
C)  Due to retroactive facilitation, Harry will get a lower grade on the quiz than Sam. 
D)  Due to proactive facilitation, Harry will get a higher grade on the quiz than Sam. 
A)  Due to retroactive inhibition, Harry will get a lower grade on the quiz than Sam. 
B)  Due to proactive inhibition, Harry will get a higher grade on the quiz than Sam. 
C)  Due to retroactive facilitation, Harry will get a lower grade on the quiz than Sam. 
D)  Due to proactive facilitation, Harry will get a higher grade on the quiz than Sam.

Question 13

Julia sees a set of twelve circles arranged like this: $$\begin{array} { l } 
\mathrm { OOO } \quad\quad\quad\quad \mathrm { OOO } \
\mathrm { OOO } \quad\quad\quad\quad \mathrm { OOO } \
\end{array}$$
Using Gestalt principles, we can predict that Julia will perceive them as:

Accepted Answer

A)  2 groups of 6 circles each. 
B)  6 groups of 2 circles each. 
C)  3 groups of 4 circles each. 
D)  4 groups of 3 circles each. 
A)  2 groups of 6 circles each. 
B)  6 groups of 2 circles each. 
C)  3 groups of 4 circles each. 
D)  4 groups of 3 circles each.

Question 14

If you know how to wrap a present, you can probably describe the process to someone else. But if you know how to skip rope, you may have difficulty explaining what you do to someone else. The difference between these two kinds of knowledge can best be characterized as a difference between:

Accepted Answer

A)  explicit vs. implicit memory 
B)  declarative vs. procedural knowledge 
C)  things learned through deep vs. shallow processing 
D)  things learned through the visuospatial sketchpad vs. through the phonological loop 
A)  explicit vs. implicit memory 
B)  declarative vs. procedural knowledge 
C)  things learned through deep vs. shallow processing 
D)  things learned through the visuospatial sketchpad vs. through the phonological loop

Question 15

William is trying to remember his new nine-digit social security number, and he does so by thinking of it as three groups of three digits each. William is demonstrating:

Accepted Answer

A)  The use of chunking 
B)  Storage in the sensory register 
C)  Retrieval from working memory 
D)  The use of maintenance rehearsal 
A)  The use of chunking 
B)  Storage in the sensory register 
C)  Retrieval from working memory 
D)  The use of maintenance rehearsal

Question 16

Distinguish among the sensory register, working memory, and long-term memory in terms of the following:
a. Capacity
b. Duration
c. The forms) in which information tends to be stored
Describe relevant research to support your statements.

Accepted Answer

The sensory register, working memory, an

Question 17

Over the course of history, science has continued to evolve as new data emerge and scientists offer new ideas to explain those data. This continuing process of change in scientific thinking over the years best reflects the idea of:

Accepted Answer

A)  information processing theory 
B)  individual constructivism 
C)  social constructivism 
D)  Prägnanz 
A)  information processing theory 
B)  individual constructivism 
C)  social constructivism 
D)  Prägnanz

Question 18

Sarah needs to learn how to spell 40 words for a spelling test tomorrow. Sarah wants to perform as well as she possibly can on the test. Based on findings from verbal learning research, which one of the following would be the best advice to give Sarah?

Accepted Answer

A)  "Spell each word at least 5 times, saying the letters silently to yourself." 
B)  "Spell each word at least 5 times, saying the letters out loud." 
C)  "Spell the words until you know them all perfectly." 
D)  "Spell the words until you know them all perfectly, and then continue to practice spelling them several more times." 
A)  "Spell each word at least 5 times, saying the letters silently to yourself." 
B)  "Spell each word at least 5 times, saying the letters out loud." 
C)  "Spell the words until you know them all perfectly." 
D)  "Spell the words until you know them all perfectly, and then continue to practice spelling them several more times."

Question 19

You know what a computer is, and you also know how to send an email message using a computer. The difference between these two kinds of knowledge can best be characterized as a difference between:

Accepted Answer

A)  explicit vs. implicit memory 
B)  declarative vs. procedural knowledge 
C)  things learned through deep vs. shallow processing 
D)  things learned through the visuospatial sketchpad vs. through the phonological loop 
A)  explicit vs. implicit memory 
B)  declarative vs. procedural knowledge 
C)  things learned through deep vs. shallow processing 
D)  things learned through the visuospatial sketchpad vs. through the phonological loop

Which one of the following best reflects the use of the sensory register component of memory?

Each of the women below is engaging in two activities simultaneously. Considering contemporary views of attention, identify the woman who should have the greatest difficulty doing both things at once.

Contemporary cognitive theory asserts that humans are actively involved in their own learning. This assertion is most closely aligned to which theory?

Several sources of evidence have been used to address the question of whether working memory and long-term memory are separate entities. Which one of the following is not a source of evidence that has been used for this purpose?

Ms. McDevitt's class has learned how to calculate the area of a rectangle. Ms. McDevitt then asks Teresa how to calculate the area of a square. Which one of the following alternatives best describes the Gestalt perspective of how Teresa would solve this problem?

Based on the textbook's discussion, you might best think of attention as being a process of:

Marnie attends very closely to the English teacher's lecture because she knows she must pass her English course in order to graduate. Marnie's attentiveness demonstrates the effect of _______ on attention.

Which of the following children best illustrate the use of effortful control.

When a stray dog wanders into a classroom, all of the students stop their seatwork and watch the teacher try to coax the dog from the room. The students' attentiveness demonstrates the effect of _______ on attention.

The theories of Edward Tolman and the Gestalt psychologists were similar with respect to one of the following alternatives. Which one?

Each of the following teachers is reviewing materials their students will need to know for the upcoming final exam. Three of the following teachers are reviewing in a way that is sensitive to their students cognitive load capacity? Which teacher is not?

Julia sees a set of twelve circles arranged like this: Using Gestalt principles, we can predict that Julia will perceive them as:

If you know how to wrap a present, you can probably describe the process to someone else. But if you know how to skip rope, you may have difficulty explaining what you do to someone else. The difference between these two kinds of knowledge can best be characterized as a difference between:

William is trying to remember his new nine-digit social security number, and he does so by thinking of it as three groups of three digits each. William is demonstrating:

Distinguish among the sensory register, working memory, and long-term memory in terms of the following: a. Capacity b. Duration c. The forms) in which information tends to be stored Describe relevant research to support your statements.

Over the course of history, science has continued to evolve as new data emerge and scientists offer new ideas to explain those data. This continuing process of change in scientific thinking over the years best reflects the idea of:

Sarah needs to learn how to spell 40 words for a spelling test tomorrow. Sarah wants to perform as well as she possibly can on the test. Based on findings from verbal learning research, which one of the following would be the best advice to give Sarah?

You know what a computer is, and you also know how to send an email message using a computer. The difference between these two kinds of knowledge can best be characterized as a difference between:

Perspectives on Learning

Learning and the Brain

Behaviorist Principles and Theories

Applications of Behaviorist Principles

Social Cognitive Theory

The Nature of Knowledge

Cognitive-Developmental Perspectives

Sociocultural Theories

Contemporary Contextual Frameworks

Metacognition, Self-Regulated Learning, and Study Strategies

Transfer, Problem Solving, and Critical Thinking

Learning and Technology

Basic Concepts and Principles in Human Motivation

Cognitive Factors in Motivation

Appendiex Integrative

Filters

Exam 6: Introduction to Cognitive Perspectives

Which one of the following best reflects the use of the sensory register component of memory?

Each of the women below is engaging in two activities simultaneously. Considering contemporary views of attention, identify the woman who should have the greatest difficulty doing both things at once.

Contemporary cognitive theory asserts that humans are actively involved in their own learning. This assertion is most closely aligned to which theory?

Several sources of evidence have been used to address the question of whether working memory and long-term memory are separate entities. Which one of the following is not a source of evidence that has been used for this purpose?

Ms. McDevitt's class has learned how to calculate the area of a rectangle. Ms. McDevitt then asks Teresa how to calculate the area of a square. Which one of the following alternatives best describes the Gestalt perspective of how Teresa would solve this problem?

Based on the textbook's discussion, you might best think of attention as being a process of:

Marnie attends very closely to the English teacher's lecture because she knows she must pass her English course in order to graduate. Marnie's attentiveness demonstrates the effect of _______ on attention.

Which of the following children best illustrate the use of effortful control.

When a stray dog wanders into a classroom, all of the students stop their seatwork and watch the teacher try to coax the dog from the room. The students' attentiveness demonstrates the effect of _______ on attention.

The theories of Edward Tolman and the Gestalt psychologists were similar with respect to one of the following alternatives. Which one?

Each of the following teachers is reviewing materials their students will need to know for the upcoming final exam. Three of the following teachers are reviewing in a way that is sensitive to their students cognitive load capacity? Which teacher is not?

Julia sees a set of twelve circles arranged like this: Using Gestalt principles, we can predict that Julia will perceive them as:

If you know how to wrap a present, you can probably describe the process to someone else. But if you know how to skip rope, you may have difficulty explaining what you do to someone else. The difference between these two kinds of knowledge can best be characterized as a difference between:

William is trying to remember his new nine-digit social security number, and he does so by thinking of it as three groups of three digits each. William is demonstrating:

Distinguish among the sensory register, working memory, and long-term memory in terms of the following: a. Capacity b. Duration c. The forms) in which information tends to be stored Describe relevant research to support your statements.

Over the course of history, science has continued to evolve as new data emerge and scientists offer new ideas to explain those data. This continuing process of change in scientific thinking over the years best reflects the idea of:

Sarah needs to learn how to spell 40 words for a spelling test tomorrow. Sarah wants to perform as well as she possibly can on the test. Based on findings from verbal learning research, which one of the following would be the best advice to give Sarah?

You know what a computer is, and you also know how to send an email message using a computer. The difference between these two kinds of knowledge can best be characterized as a difference between:

Perspectives on Learning

Learning and the Brain

Behaviorist Principles and Theories

Applications of Behaviorist Principles

Social Cognitive Theory

The Nature of Knowledge

Cognitive-Developmental Perspectives

Sociocultural Theories

Contemporary Contextual Frameworks

Metacognition, Self-Regulated Learning, and Study Strategies

Transfer, Problem Solving, and Critical Thinking

Learning and Technology

Basic Concepts and Principles in Human Motivation

Cognitive Factors in Motivation

Appendiex Integrative

Filters