Question 1

Terrestrial planets are mainly composed of ________,while the giant planets are made predominantly of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  volatiles; rock and metals 
B)  rock and metals; volatiles 
C)  refractory materials; volatiles and metals 
D)  volatiles and metals; refractory materials 
A)  volatiles; rock and metals 
B)  rock and metals; volatiles 
C)  refractory materials; volatiles and metals 
D)  volatiles and metals; refractory materials B

Question 2

The best estimate of when the Universe formed is

Accepted Answer

A)  13.8 Ma. 
B)  13.8 Ga. 
C)  4.57 Ma. 
D)  4.57 Ga 
A)  13.8 Ma. 
B)  13.8 Ga. 
C)  4.57 Ma. 
D)  4.57 Ga B

Question 3

Atmospheric pressure is caused by __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the weight overlying air molecules pushing down from higher in the atmosphere 
B)  the increasing size of air molecules lower in the atmosphere 
C)  interactions between air molecules and the Earth's magnetic field 
D)  the solar wind pushing on the atmosphere 
A)  the weight overlying air molecules pushing down from higher in the atmosphere 
B)  the increasing size of air molecules lower in the atmosphere 
C)  interactions between air molecules and the Earth's magnetic field 
D)  the solar wind pushing on the atmosphere A

Question 4

What have seismic waves taught us about the interior of our planet?

Accepted Answer

Seismic waves travel at different veloci

Question 5

According to the Big Bang theory,

Accepted Answer

A)  the Earth is much older than the rest of the Universe. 
B)  the Universe is much older than the Earth. 
C)  the Earth and the Universe formed at about the same time. 
D)  there is no way of knowing how old the Universe might be. 
A)  the Earth is much older than the rest of the Universe. 
B)  the Universe is much older than the Earth. 
C)  the Earth and the Universe formed at about the same time. 
D)  there is no way of knowing how old the Universe might be.

Question 6

What is a planet? List the three criteria that define a planet.Why is Pluto no longer considered a planet?

Accepted Answer

A planet is an object that orb

Question 7

Which of the following planets is MOST similar to the Earth?

Accepted Answer

A)  Neptune 
B)  Mercury 
C)  Jupiter 
D)  Uranus 
A)  Neptune 
B)  Mercury 
C)  Jupiter 
D)  Uranus

Question 8

Volatile materials occur as _______,while refractory materials exist as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  gases; solids 
B)  moons; planets 
C)  red giant stars; supernovae 
D)  liquids; gases 
A)  gases; solids 
B)  moons; planets 
C)  red giant stars; supernovae 
D)  liquids; gases

Question 9

Most minerals within the Earth contain the element _________

Accepted Answer

A)  silicon. 
B)  nitrogen. 
C)  carbon. 
D)  hydrogen. 
A)  silicon. 
B)  nitrogen. 
C)  carbon. 
D)  hydrogen.

Question 10

The term for the separation of the Earth into internal layers early in our planet's history is _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  accretion 
B)  differentiation 
C)  protoplanetary collapse 
D)  nucleosynthesis 
A)  accretion 
B)  differentiation 
C)  protoplanetary collapse 
D)  nucleosynthesis

Question 11

The metal alloy that makes up the core of the Earth is ________ compared to the rocky mantle.

Accepted Answer

A)  less dense 
B)  denser 
C)  very similar in chemistry and density 
D)  distinct in chemistry but of very similar density 
A)  less dense 
B)  denser 
C)  very similar in chemistry and density 
D)  distinct in chemistry but of very similar density

Question 12

Compared to oceanic crust,continental crust is

Accepted Answer

A)  thicker. 
B)  thinner. 
C)  about the same thickness. 
D)  In some places continental crust is thicker; in some places oceanic crust is thicker.There is no consistent pattern. 
A)  thicker. 
B)  thinner. 
C)  about the same thickness. 
D)  In some places continental crust is thicker; in some places oceanic crust is thicker.There is no consistent pattern.

Question 13

Contrast the geocentric model of the universe with the heliocentric model of the universe.

Accepted Answer

In a geocentric model,the Earth sits wit

Question 14

Why did the early Earth differentiate into core and mantle?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gravity pulled denser material to the interior and left less dense material on the outside. 
B)  Nucleosynthesis created an outer mantle layer from fusion of the elements in the core. 
C)  Gravity first pulled denser material into a protoplanet,and only later was mantle material added. 
D)  Spinning on its axis caused less dense mantle material to float outside the core. 
A)  Gravity pulled denser material to the interior and left less dense material on the outside. 
B)  Nucleosynthesis created an outer mantle layer from fusion of the elements in the core. 
C)  Gravity first pulled denser material into a protoplanet,and only later was mantle material added. 
D)  Spinning on its axis caused less dense mantle material to float outside the core.

Question 15

What is the approximate radius of the Earth?

Accepted Answer

A)  1200 km 
B)  3500 km 
C)  4800 km 
D)  6400 km 
A)  1200 km 
B)  3500 km 
C)  4800 km 
D)  6400 km

Question 16

Draw a cross-section of the Earth showing its three primary layers.Label the layers and list the average composition (rock-type)of the layers.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Draw a cross-section of the Earth showing...

Question 17

The study of the Universe,its structure,and its history is called __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  cosmetology 
B)  cosmology 
C)  astrology 
D)  petrology 
A)  cosmetology 
B)  cosmology 
C)  astrology 
D)  petrology

Question 18

Briefly describe how our Solar System formed according to the nebular theory.

Accepted Answer

Our Solar System formed from a nebular c

Question 19

How does the deepest part of the ocean compare with the height of Earth's tallest mountains?

Accepted Answer

A)  The tallest mountains are much further above sea level than the deepest parts of the ocean are below sea level. 
B)  The deepest parts of the ocean are much further below sea level than the tallest mountains are above sea level. 
C)  The height of the tallest mountains is about the same as the deepest depths in the ocean. 
D)  We don't know because we have not yet found the deepest part of the ocean. 
A)  The tallest mountains are much further above sea level than the deepest parts of the ocean are below sea level. 
B)  The deepest parts of the ocean are much further below sea level than the tallest mountains are above sea level. 
C)  The height of the tallest mountains is about the same as the deepest depths in the ocean. 
D)  We don't know because we have not yet found the deepest part of the ocean.

Question 20

The atmosphere is divided into several distinct layers.From the ground up they are,in order,

Accepted Answer

A)  stratosphere,troposphere,mesosphere,and thermosphere. 
B)  troposphere,stratosphere,thermosphere,and mesosphere. 
C)  troposphere,stratosphere,mesosphere,and thermosphere. 
D)  stratosphere,troposphere,thermosphere,and mesosphere. 
A)  stratosphere,troposphere,mesosphere,and thermosphere. 
B)  troposphere,stratosphere,thermosphere,and mesosphere. 
C)  troposphere,stratosphere,mesosphere,and thermosphere. 
D)  stratosphere,troposphere,thermosphere,and mesosphere.

Exam 1: The Earth in Context

Terrestrial planets are mainly composed of ________,while the giant planets are made predominantly of ________.

The best estimate of when the Universe formed is

Atmospheric pressure is caused by __________.

What have seismic waves taught us about the interior of our planet?

According to the Big Bang theory,

What is a planet? List the three criteria that define a planet.Why is Pluto no longer considered a planet?

Which of the following planets is MOST similar to the Earth?

Volatile materials occur as _______,while refractory materials exist as ________.

Most minerals within the Earth contain the element _________

The term for the separation of the Earth into internal layers early in our planet's history is _______.

The metal alloy that makes up the core of the Earth is ________ compared to the rocky mantle.

Compared to oceanic crust,continental crust is

Contrast the geocentric model of the universe with the heliocentric model of the universe.

Why did the early Earth differentiate into core and mantle?

What is the approximate radius of the Earth?

Draw a cross-section of the Earth showing its three primary layers.Label the layers and list the average composition (rock-type)of the layers.

The study of the Universe,its structure,and its history is called __________.

Briefly describe how our Solar System formed according to the nebular theory.

How does the deepest part of the ocean compare with the height of Earth's tallest mountains?

The atmosphere is divided into several distinct layers.From the ground up they are,in order,

The Way the Earth Works: Plate Tectonics

Patterns in Nature: Minerals

Up From the Inferno: Magma and Igneous Rocks

The Wrath of Vulcan: Volcanic Eruptions

Pages of the Earths Past: Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphism: a Process of Change

A Violent Pulse: Earthquakes

Crags,cracks,and Crumples: Crustal Deformation and Mountain Building

Deep Time: How Old Is Old

A Biography of the Earth

Riches in Rock: Energy and Mineral Resources

Unsafe Ground: Landslides and Other Mass Movements

Streams and Floods: the Geology of Running Water

Restless Realm: Oceans and Coasts

A Hidden Reserve: Groundwater

Dry Regions: the Geology of Deserts

Amazing Ice: Glaciers and Ice Ages

Global Change in the Earth System

Introducing Rocks

A Surface Veneer: Sediments and Soils

The Rock Cycle

The Earth’s Interior Revisited: Insights from Geophysics

Memories of Past Life: Fossils and Evolution

Ever-Changing Landscapes and the Hydrologic Cycle

Prelude: And Just What is Geology?

Filters

Terrestrial planets are mainly composed of ,while the giant planets are made predominantly of .

Volatile materials occur as _,while refractory materials exist as __.