Exam 5: The Wrath of Vulcan: Volcanic Eruptions

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Of the three primary forms of subaerial volcanoes,________ have the most gently sloping sides,due to the low viscosity of the basaltic lavas that form them.

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Question 1

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______________ are snowball-like lumps of ash formed when ash mixes with water in the air and then sticks together to form small balls.

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Question 2

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Describe how felsic and mafic magma differ in composition,temperature,and viscosity,and how this affects the rate of flow of each type.

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Felsic magma has more silica content and erupts at the lowest temperature,and therefore has a high viscosity.Mafic magma has less silica and erupts at higher temperature,and thus has a low viscosity.Magmas with high viscosity will flow much more slowly than those with a lower viscosity.Therefore,felsic magmas typically flow more slowly than mafic magmas.

Is it possible for scientists to predict eruptions? What are two ways in which geoscientists look for possible volcanic activity in the short term?

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Question 4

In 1902,a famous pyroclastic flow killed approximately 28,000 people on the Caribbean island of ________.

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Question 5

A passive eruption that primarily forms lava flows and minor scoria is termed a __________________ eruption.

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Question 6

Describe how an explosive volcanic eruption can create a global cooling event.

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Question 7

Pele's hair ________.

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Question 8

Columnar joints form when ________.

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Question 9

The vertical features preserved in the basalt flow in the image below formed because the lava ________.

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Question 10

A mixture of air,hot ash,and pumice lapilli that rushes down the side of a volcano in a scalding avalanche is termed a(n)________.

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Question 11

Basaltic lavas that have rough,rubbly surfaces are called ________.

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Question 12

Contrast the shape,size,eruptive style and lava composition of the three main types of volcanoes: shield volcanoes,cinder cones,and stratovolcanoes.

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Question 13

The Hawaiian island chain is an example of a(n)________.

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Question 14

The Moon's lunar maria are believed to be ancient __________.

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Question 15

If a volcano lies along a convergent boundary but has not erupted in over 100,000 years,the volcano is considered ________.

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Question 16

The style of eruption depends on the plate tectonic setting in which the volcano is situated.Compare the different eruption styles you could observe at a divergent versus a convergent plate boundary.Make sure to address the roles that composition,viscosity,and gas content play in your answer.

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Question 17

Phreatic eruptions take place when ________.

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Question 18

A fast-moving wet slurry consisting of a mixture of water and volcaniclastic debris is termed a ________.

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Question 19

Volcanic bombs are ________.

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Question 20

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Exam 5: The Wrath of Vulcan: Volcanic Eruptions

Of the three primary forms of subaerial volcanoes,________ have the most gently sloping sides,due to the low viscosity of the basaltic lavas that form them.

______________ are snowball-like lumps of ash formed when ash mixes with water in the air and then sticks together to form small balls.

Describe how felsic and mafic magma differ in composition,temperature,and viscosity,and how this affects the rate of flow of each type.

Is it possible for scientists to predict eruptions? What are two ways in which geoscientists look for possible volcanic activity in the short term?

In 1902,a famous pyroclastic flow killed approximately 28,000 people on the Caribbean island of ________.

A passive eruption that primarily forms lava flows and minor scoria is termed a __________________ eruption.

Describe how an explosive volcanic eruption can create a global cooling event.

Pele's hair ________.

Columnar joints form when ________.

The vertical features preserved in the basalt flow in the image below formed because the lava ________.

A mixture of air,hot ash,and pumice lapilli that rushes down the side of a volcano in a scalding avalanche is termed a(n)________.

Basaltic lavas that have rough,rubbly surfaces are called ________.

Contrast the shape,size,eruptive style and lava composition of the three main types of volcanoes: shield volcanoes,cinder cones,and stratovolcanoes.

The Hawaiian island chain is an example of a(n)________.

The Moon's lunar maria are believed to be ancient __________.

If a volcano lies along a convergent boundary but has not erupted in over 100,000 years,the volcano is considered ________.

The style of eruption depends on the plate tectonic setting in which the volcano is situated.Compare the different eruption styles you could observe at a divergent versus a convergent plate boundary.Make sure to address the roles that composition,viscosity,and gas content play in your answer.

Phreatic eruptions take place when ________.

A fast-moving wet slurry consisting of a mixture of water and volcaniclastic debris is termed a ________.

Volcanic bombs are ________.

The Earth in Context

The Way the Earth Works: Plate Tectonics

Patterns in Nature: Minerals

Up From the Inferno: Magma and Igneous Rocks

Pages of the Earths Past: Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphism: a Process of Change

A Violent Pulse: Earthquakes

Crags,cracks,and Crumples: Crustal Deformation and Mountain Building

Deep Time: How Old Is Old

A Biography of the Earth

Riches in Rock: Energy and Mineral Resources

Unsafe Ground: Landslides and Other Mass Movements

Streams and Floods: the Geology of Running Water

Restless Realm: Oceans and Coasts

A Hidden Reserve: Groundwater

Dry Regions: the Geology of Deserts

Amazing Ice: Glaciers and Ice Ages

Global Change in the Earth System

Introducing Rocks

A Surface Veneer: Sediments and Soils

The Rock Cycle

The Earth’s Interior Revisited: Insights from Geophysics

Memories of Past Life: Fossils and Evolution

Ever-Changing Landscapes and the Hydrologic Cycle

Prelude: And Just What is Geology?

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