Question 1

Describe the two approaches of learning about the world according to Chamberlin.

Accepted Answer

The two approaches of learning about the world according to Chamberlin are the deductive approach and the inductive approach.

The deductive approach involves starting with a general principle or theory and then applying it to specific cases to make predictions or draw conclusions. This approach is often associated with the scientific method, where researchers form a hypothesis and then test it through experiments or observations.

On the other hand, the inductive approach involves starting with specific observations or data and then using them to develop a general principle or theory. This approach is often used in fields such as anthropology, where researchers gather data from specific cultures or societies and then use it to make broader generalizations about human behavior.

Both approaches have their strengths and weaknesses, and they are often used in combination to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the world. The deductive approach can help to test the validity of existing theories and make specific predictions, while the inductive approach can help to generate new theories and understand the complexities of real-world phenomena.

Question 2

The best approach to the study of human behavior:

Accepted Answer

A)  is the true experimental design. 
B)  is naturalistic observation. 
C)  depends on the questions being asked. 
D)  is whatever approach is approved by the IRB. 
A)  is the true experimental design. 
B)  is naturalistic observation. 
C)  depends on the questions being asked. 
D)  is whatever approach is approved by the IRB. C

Question 3

Chamberlin suggested that scientists should learn about the world through:

Accepted Answer

A)  imitation of previous scientists. 
B)  the "Great Experiments" of scientists . 
C)  independent thinking and imitation of previous scientists. 
D)  multiple working hypotheses. 
A)  imitation of previous scientists. 
B)  the "Great Experiments" of scientists . 
C)  independent thinking and imitation of previous scientists. 
D)  multiple working hypotheses. D

Question 4

According to Lakatos, a progressive program leads to:

Accepted Answer

A)  the discovery of new facts. 
B)  the discovery of new theories. 
C)  the reinterpretation of known facts. 
D)  financial support from the government. 
A)  the discovery of new facts. 
B)  the discovery of new theories. 
C)  the reinterpretation of known facts. 
D)  financial support from the government.

Question 5

Lakatos proposes that science advances through:

Accepted Answer

A)  sudden revolution. 
B)  replacement of degenerating programs with progressive ones. 
C)  testing of trial-and-error hypotheses. 
D)  re-interpretation of known facts in light of theory. 
A)  sudden revolution. 
B)  replacement of degenerating programs with progressive ones. 
C)  testing of trial-and-error hypotheses. 
D)  re-interpretation of known facts in light of theory.

Question 6

Karl Popper, G. Spencer-Brown, Thomas Kuhn, and others have shown us that we must consider that every theory is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  testable 
B)  inadequate 
C)  correct 
D)  systematic 
A)  testable 
B)  inadequate 
C)  correct 
D)  systematic

Question 7

In considering values and science, values:

Accepted Answer

A)  are scientifically untestable. 
B)  influence interpretation of results. 
C)  enter into the choice of research questions. 
D)  all of these 
A)  are scientifically untestable. 
B)  influence interpretation of results. 
C)  enter into the choice of research questions. 
D)  all of these

Question 8

The approaches used to study behavior can be placed on three continua. Of the following, which is not one of these continua?

Accepted Answer

A)  scale of measurement 
B)  role of experimenter 
C)  research setting 
D)  extent of control 
A)  scale of measurement 
B)  role of experimenter 
C)  research setting 
D)  extent of control

Question 9

Scientific knowledge is a superior knowledge because it:

Accepted Answer

A)  is theoretical. 
B)  is constantly open to question and revision. 
C)  can be analyzed statistically. 
D)  is precise. 
A)  is theoretical. 
B)  is constantly open to question and revision. 
C)  can be analyzed statistically. 
D)  is precise.

Question 10

Campbell sees that the search for truth in science is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  unordered and disorganized 
B)  evolutionary 
C)  stagnate 
D)  flawed by assumptions held by scientists 
A)  unordered and disorganized 
B)  evolutionary 
C)  stagnate 
D)  flawed by assumptions held by scientists

Question 11

According to the text, which research setting is the least influenced by demand characteristics?

Accepted Answer

A)  the field setting 
B)  the lab setting 
C)  the group survey setting 
D)  all of these are highly susceptible to demand characteristics 
A)  the field setting 
B)  the lab setting 
C)  the group survey setting 
D)  all of these are highly susceptible to demand characteristics

Question 12

According to Chamberlin, one of the approaches to understanding reality is called creative study and refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  thinking for one's self. 
B)  focusing on just one hypothesis as research progresses. 
C)  memorizing what others have discovered about reality. 
D)  imitating the great thinkers of the discipline. 
A)  thinking for one's self. 
B)  focusing on just one hypothesis as research progresses. 
C)  memorizing what others have discovered about reality. 
D)  imitating the great thinkers of the discipline.

Question 13

Which of the following represents the extremes in the dimension described as the extent to which the experimenter intervenes in the study?

Accepted Answer

A)  field research and laboratory 
B)  true experiment and naturalistic observation 
C)  laboratory and true experiment 
D)  correlation and naturalistic observation 
A)  field research and laboratory 
B)  true experiment and naturalistic observation 
C)  laboratory and true experiment 
D)  correlation and naturalistic observation

Question 14

In comparison to naturalistic observation, the downside to using the experiment method is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  unknown information is excluded from being measured. 
B)  it is unable to test cause and effect relationships. 
C)  it is unable to control independent variables. 
D)  it is unable to produce changes in participants' behavior. 
A)  unknown information is excluded from being measured. 
B)  it is unable to test cause and effect relationships. 
C)  it is unable to control independent variables. 
D)  it is unable to produce changes in participants' behavior.

Question 15

What are the three dimensions of research and the characteristics of each?

Accepted Answer

The three dimensions of research are:

1

Question 16

With regard to true experiments and naturalistic observation, the chapter advises:

Accepted Answer

A)  using both methods simultaneously. 
B)  using the experiment first followed by naturalistic observation. 
C)  not using either since neither allows for control of confounding variables. 
D)  using both, but only in highly controllable situations. 
A)  using both methods simultaneously. 
B)  using the experiment first followed by naturalistic observation. 
C)  not using either since neither allows for control of confounding variables. 
D)  using both, but only in highly controllable situations.

Question 17

Defend the proposition that scientific knowledge is superior knowledge.

Accepted Answer

Scientific knowledge can be considered s

Question 18

The transcendence of science refers to its ability to:

Accepted Answer

A)  go beyond our personal and collective limitations. 
B)  bring people together. 
C)  identify truth that stands the test of time. 
D)  bridge scientific theory and practical applications. 
A)  go beyond our personal and collective limitations. 
B)  bring people together. 
C)  identify truth that stands the test of time. 
D)  bridge scientific theory and practical applications.

Question 19

What are some of the potentially negative things that can result for those engaged in scientific careers?

Accepted Answer

Some potentially negative things that ca

Question 20

In true experiments:

Accepted Answer

A)  we have to know what we are looking for. 
B)  the experimenter is active. 
C)  we can infer important relationships between events. 
D)  all of these 
A)  we have to know what we are looking for. 
B)  the experimenter is active. 
C)  we can infer important relationships between events. 
D)  all of these

Describe the two approaches of learning about the world according to Chamberlin.

The best approach to the study of human behavior:

Chamberlin suggested that scientists should learn about the world through:

According to Lakatos, a progressive program leads to:

Lakatos proposes that science advances through:

Karl Popper, G. Spencer-Brown, Thomas Kuhn, and others have shown us that we must consider that every theory is ____.

In considering values and science, values:

The approaches used to study behavior can be placed on three continua. Of the following, which is not one of these continua?

Scientific knowledge is a superior knowledge because it:

Campbell sees that the search for truth in science is ____.

According to the text, which research setting is the least influenced by demand characteristics?

According to Chamberlin, one of the approaches to understanding reality is called creative study and refers to:

Which of the following represents the extremes in the dimension described as the extent to which the experimenter intervenes in the study?

In comparison to naturalistic observation, the downside to using the experiment method is that:

What are the three dimensions of research and the characteristics of each?

With regard to true experiments and naturalistic observation, the chapter advises:

Defend the proposition that scientific knowledge is superior knowledge.

The transcendence of science refers to its ability to:

What are some of the potentially negative things that can result for those engaged in scientific careers?

In true experiments:

Applying Psychology to Teaching

Stage Theories of Development

Age-Level Characteristics

Understanding Student Differences

Addressing Cultural and Socioeconomic Diversity

Accommodating Student Variability

Behavioral and Social Learning Theories

Information-Processing Theory

Constructivist Learning Theory, Problem Solving, and Transfer

Approaches to Instruction

Motivation

Classroom Management

Assessment of Classroom Learning

Understanding and Using Standardized Tests

Becoming a Better Teacher by Becoming a Reflective Teacher

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Exam 16: Becoming a Better Teacher by Becoming a Reflective Teacher

Describe the two approaches of learning about the world according to Chamberlin.

The best approach to the study of human behavior:

Chamberlin suggested that scientists should learn about the world through:

According to Lakatos, a progressive program leads to:

Lakatos proposes that science advances through:

Karl Popper, G. Spencer-Brown, Thomas Kuhn, and others have shown us that we must consider that every theory is ____.

In considering values and science, values:

The approaches used to study behavior can be placed on three continua. Of the following, which is not one of these continua?

Scientific knowledge is a superior knowledge because it:

Campbell sees that the search for truth in science is ____.

According to the text, which research setting is the least influenced by demand characteristics?

According to Chamberlin, one of the approaches to understanding reality is called creative study and refers to:

Which of the following represents the extremes in the dimension described as the extent to which the experimenter intervenes in the study?

In comparison to naturalistic observation, the downside to using the experiment method is that:

What are the three dimensions of research and the characteristics of each?

With regard to true experiments and naturalistic observation, the chapter advises:

Defend the proposition that scientific knowledge is superior knowledge.

The transcendence of science refers to its ability to:

What are some of the potentially negative things that can result for those engaged in scientific careers?

In true experiments:

Applying Psychology to Teaching

Stage Theories of Development

Age-Level Characteristics

Understanding Student Differences

Addressing Cultural and Socioeconomic Diversity

Accommodating Student Variability

Behavioral and Social Learning Theories

Information-Processing Theory

Constructivist Learning Theory, Problem Solving, and Transfer

Approaches to Instruction

Motivation

Classroom Management

Assessment of Classroom Learning

Understanding and Using Standardized Tests

Becoming a Better Teacher by Becoming a Reflective Teacher

Filters