Exam 6: Deviance and Crime

Describe the moral development theory of psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg and discuss psychologist Carol Gilligan's view on gender and moral development.

According to psychologist Carol Gilligan, the key weakness of Lawrence Kohlberg's model was that it____________ ____________ _.

Schools have become more important socialization instruments as the number of one-parent families and families in which both parents work outside the home has increased.

Outline the stages of cognitive development as set forth by psychologist Jean Piaget.

According to Kohlberg's framework of moral development, most adults are governed by concern for how they are viewed by others and whether or not they will be punished for their behavior. This is termed the____________ level of moral development.

Which of these is not one of the socializing functions of the media discussed in the text?

The significant difference between childhood socialization and adult socialization is that ____________________________.

Psychologist Jean Piaget showed children two identical glasses filled with the same amount of water. After the children agreed that both glasses held the same amount of water, Piaget poured the water from one glass into a taller, narrower glass and then asked them about the amounts of water in each glass. Tamara noted that both containers still had the same amount of water, even though they were different shapes and sizes. This would indicate that Tamara is in the____________ stage of cognitive development.

The "me" is the____________ element of the self, which is composed of the internalized attitudes and demands of other members of society and the individual's awareness of those demands.

Sociologist Kingsley Davis was interested in the case of Anna, a child who was kept in an attic‑like room in her grandfather's house, because ____________.

You are scheduled to work at the pizza parlor Sunday afternoon. Several of your friends convince you to call in sick so you can watch football with them all day, even though you really need the money. The sociological term for what you have experienced is____________ .

Discuss the process of gender socialization.

Psychologist Carol Gilligan believes that women and men often have divergent views on morality. She argued that men are more concerned with ____________ , whereas women are likely to consider the____________ involved in the situation.

During which life stage does one's focus tend to shift from the physical and active dimensions of self toward the social and psychological aspect?

A(n) ____________ is a place where people are isolated from the rest of society for a set period of time and come under the control of the officials who run the institutions.

Which of these is not a step in the process of the looking-glass self?

Sociologist____________ divided the self into the "I" and the "me."

Discuss the difference between psychological and sociological perspectives on human development, using the work of Freud, Piaget, Cooley, and Mead as examples. Be sure to emphasize the significant differences between these types of approaches.

____________ is the term for the persons, groups, or institutions that teach us what we need to know in order to participate in society.

Sociologists use the term ____________ for the specific messages and practices that teach what it means to be female or male in a specific group or society.