Question 1

The term "DNA sequence" refers to the ____.

Accepted Answer

A) order of nucleotides in a strand of DNA 
B) number of nucleotides in a strand of DNA 
C) number of chromosomes in a nucleus 
D) number of hydrogen bonds in a strand of DNA 
E) identity of genes in a strand of DNA 
A) order of nucleotides in a strand of DNA 
B) number of nucleotides in a strand of DNA 
C) number of chromosomes in a nucleus 
D) number of hydrogen bonds in a strand of DNA 
E) identity of genes in a strand of DNA A

Question 2

Match the term with the most appropriate description.
-a length of DNA wound twice around histone proteins

Accepted Answer

A) nucleosome 
B) sister chromatids 
C) centromere 
D) histone 
E) chromosome 
A) nucleosome 
B) sister chromatids 
C) centromere 
D) histone 
E) chromosome A

Question 3

Match the nucleotide to its correct description.
-Three hydrogen bonds connect guanine to this in a DNA molecule.

Accepted Answer

A) guanine 
B) cytosine 
C) pyrimidine 
D) thymine 
A) guanine 
B) cytosine 
C) pyrimidine 
D) thymine B

Question 4

The Hershey-Chase experiments, in which 32P and 35S were used to label biological molecules, demonstrated ____.

Accepted Answer

A) the semiconservative nature of DNA replication 
B) that harmless bacterial cells can be permanently and heritably transformed into lethal bacterial cells 
C) that pure DNA extracted from disease-causing bacteria transformed harmless strains into killer strains 
D) that bacteriophages transfer their DNA, but not their protein coats, to their host bacteria 
E) that DNA content of a cell does not vary over time 
A) the semiconservative nature of DNA replication 
B) that harmless bacterial cells can be permanently and heritably transformed into lethal bacterial cells 
C) that pure DNA extracted from disease-causing bacteria transformed harmless strains into killer strains 
D) that bacteriophages transfer their DNA, but not their protein coats, to their host bacteria 
E) that DNA content of a cell does not vary over time

Question 5

Match the term with the most appropriate description.
-constricted region where duplicated chromosomes are attached to each other

Accepted Answer

A) nucleosome 
B) sister chromatids 
C) centromere 
D) histone 
E) chromosome 
A) nucleosome 
B) sister chromatids 
C) centromere 
D) histone 
E) chromosome

Question 6

​Complementary base pairs in a DNA molecule are held together by ____ bonds.

Accepted Answer

A) ​nitrogen 
B) ​hydrogen 
C) ​covalent 
D) ​pyrimidine 
E) ​purine 
A) ​nitrogen 
B) ​hydrogen 
C) ​covalent 
D) ​pyrimidine 
E) ​purine

Question 7

​Which bases are pyrimidines?

Accepted Answer

A) ​cytosine and thymine 
B) ​guanine and thymine 
C) ​guanine and cytosine 
D) ​adenine and guanine 
E) ​adenine and thymine 
A) ​cytosine and thymine 
B) ​guanine and thymine 
C) ​guanine and cytosine 
D) ​adenine and guanine 
E) ​adenine and thymine

Question 8

Chargaff's first rule states that ____.

Accepted Answer

A) the amounts of adenine and thymine are identical in a DNA molecule 
B) the DNA molecule is helical 
C) the DNA molecule contains deoxyribose 
D) the proportion of adenine and guanine differs between different species 
E) DNA exhibits a repeating pattern every 0.34 nm 
A) the amounts of adenine and thymine are identical in a DNA molecule 
B) the DNA molecule is helical 
C) the DNA molecule contains deoxyribose 
D) the proportion of adenine and guanine differs between different species 
E) DNA exhibits a repeating pattern every 0.34 nm

Question 9

Match each definition to the correct term.​
-​DNA polymerase

Accepted Answer

A) ​composed of nitrogen-containing base, sugar, and phosphate group(s) 
B) ​a genetic copy 
C) ​chromosome that does not determine sex 
D) ​DNA wrapped around histones 
E) ​fills in gaps between nucleotides; seals breaks in a DNA strand
F)​having two of each type of chromosome
G)​adds nucleotides to a growing DNA strand 
A) ​composed of nitrogen-containing base, sugar, and phosphate group(s) 
B) ​a genetic copy 
C) ​chromosome that does not determine sex 
D) ​DNA wrapped around histones 
E) ​fills in gaps between nucleotides; seals breaks in a DNA strand
F)​having two of each type of chromosome
G)​adds nucleotides to a growing DNA strand

Question 10

The DNA sequences of twins produced by embryo splitting are ____.

Accepted Answer

A) identical to each another 
B) identical to the female parent 
C) identical to the same parent 
D) identical to the male parent 
E) not identical to each other 
A) identical to each another 
B) identical to the female parent 
C) identical to the same parent 
D) identical to the male parent 
E) not identical to each other

Question 11

Match each definition to the correct term.​
-​autosome

Accepted Answer

A) ​composed of nitrogen-containing base, sugar, and phosphate group(s) 
B) ​a genetic copy 
C) ​chromosome that does not determine sex 
D) ​DNA wrapped around histones 
E) ​fills in gaps between nucleotides; seals breaks in a DNA strand
F)​having two of each type of chromosome
G)​adds nucleotides to a growing DNA strand 
A) ​composed of nitrogen-containing base, sugar, and phosphate group(s) 
B) ​a genetic copy 
C) ​chromosome that does not determine sex 
D) ​DNA wrapped around histones 
E) ​fills in gaps between nucleotides; seals breaks in a DNA strand
F)​having two of each type of chromosome
G)​adds nucleotides to a growing DNA strand

Question 12

Match the scientist(s) to their scientific contribution.
-Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty

Accepted Answer

A) ​first to discover and isolate DNA 
B) in 1944, reported that DNA was the hereditary material 
C) the first to demonstrate that DNA, not protein, was the substance transmitted through generations of cells 
A) ​first to discover and isolate DNA 
B) in 1944, reported that DNA was the hereditary material 
C) the first to demonstrate that DNA, not protein, was the substance transmitted through generations of cells

Question 13

Match the term with the most appropriate description.
-a structure that consists of DNA and associated proteins; carries part or all of a cell's genetic information

Accepted Answer

A) nucleosome 
B) sister chromatids 
C) centromere 
D) histone 
E) chromosome 
A) nucleosome 
B) sister chromatids 
C) centromere 
D) histone 
E) chromosome

Question 14

Which building block is least related to the other four?

Accepted Answer

A) amino acids 
B) nucleotides 
C) five-carbon sugars 
D) phosphate groups 
E) nitrogenous bases 
A) amino acids 
B) nucleotides 
C) five-carbon sugars 
D) phosphate groups 
E) nitrogenous bases

Question 15

​DNA synthesis on the discontinuous strand produces ____.

Accepted Answer

A) ​dimers 
B) ​primers 
C) ​Okazaki fragments 
D) ​clones 
E) ​mutations 
A) ​dimers 
B) ​primers 
C) ​Okazaki fragments 
D) ​clones 
E) ​mutations

Question 16

Which enzyme assembles new strands of DNA during replication?

Accepted Answer

A) DNA ligase 
B) DNA synthase 
C) primers 
D) DNA polymerase 
E) hybridization 
A) DNA ligase 
B) DNA synthase 
C) primers 
D) DNA polymerase 
E) hybridization

Question 17

DNA replication produces ____.

Accepted Answer

A) one single-stranded RNA molecule 
B) one double-stranded DNA molecule 
C) two double-stranded DNA molecules 
D) one single-stranded DNA molecule 
E) new proteins 
A) one single-stranded RNA molecule 
B) one double-stranded DNA molecule 
C) two double-stranded DNA molecules 
D) one single-stranded DNA molecule 
E) new proteins

Question 18

Because the sex of sea turtles is determined by the ____, climate change will skew the gender ratio of hatchlings.​

Accepted Answer

A) ​sex chromosomes 
B) environmental ​concentration of CO2 
C) ​age of the parents 
D) ​temperature of the sand in which the eggs are buried 
E) ​salt concentration of the water in which the eggs are laid 
A) ​sex chromosomes 
B) environmental ​concentration of CO2 
C) ​age of the parents 
D) ​temperature of the sand in which the eggs are buried 
E) ​salt concentration of the water in which the eggs are laid

Question 19

How can only four nucleotides account for the extreme diversity of traits observed in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

A) The biochemical structure of nucleotides differs between cell types. 
B) The nucleotides can base pair with any other nucleotide. 
C) Nucleotides are arranged in many different sequences. 
D) Different proteins can be encoded from the same DNA sequence. 
E) Complex organisms have more than four types of nucleotides. 
A) The biochemical structure of nucleotides differs between cell types. 
B) The nucleotides can base pair with any other nucleotide. 
C) Nucleotides are arranged in many different sequences. 
D) Different proteins can be encoded from the same DNA sequence. 
E) Complex organisms have more than four types of nucleotides.

Question 20

Which DNA damaging agent can transfer methyl groups (-CH3) to the nucleotide bases in DNA?

Accepted Answer

A) UV light 
B) chemicals in tobacco smoke 
C) ionizing radiation 
D) x-rays 
E) free radicals 
A) UV light 
B) chemicals in tobacco smoke 
C) ionizing radiation 
D) x-rays 
E) free radicals

Exam 8: DNA Structure and Function

The term "DNA sequence" refers to the ____.

Match the term with the most appropriate description. -a length of DNA wound twice around histone proteins

Match the nucleotide to its correct description. -Three hydrogen bonds connect guanine to this in a DNA molecule.

The Hershey-Chase experiments, in which 32P and 35S were used to label biological molecules, demonstrated ____.

Match the term with the most appropriate description. -constricted region where duplicated chromosomes are attached to each other

​Complementary base pairs in a DNA molecule are held together by ____ bonds.

​Which bases are pyrimidines?

Chargaff's first rule states that ____.

Match each definition to the correct term.​ -​DNA polymerase

The DNA sequences of twins produced by embryo splitting are ____.

Match each definition to the correct term.​ -​autosome

Match the scientist(s) to their scientific contribution. -Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty

Match the term with the most appropriate description. -a structure that consists of DNA and associated proteins; carries part or all of a cell's genetic information

Which building block is least related to the other four?

​DNA synthesis on the discontinuous strand produces ____.

Which enzyme assembles new strands of DNA during replication?

DNA replication produces ____.

Because the sex of sea turtles is determined by the ____, climate change will skew the gender ratio of hatchlings.​

How can only four nucleotides account for the extreme diversity of traits observed in living organisms?

Which DNA damaging agent can transfer methyl groups (-CH3) to the nucleotide bases in DNA?

The Science of Biology

Lifes Chemical Basis

Molecules of Life

Cell Structure

Ground Rules of Metabolism

Where It Starts-Photosynthesis

Releasing Chemical Energy

From DNA to Protein

Control of Gene Expression

How Cells Reproduce

Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

Patterns in Inherited Traits

Human Inheritance

Biotechnology

Evidence of Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Lifes Origin and Early Evolution

Viruses, Bacteria, and Archaea

The Protists

Plant Evolution

Fungi

Animals I: Major Invertebrate Groups

Animals Ii: the Chordates

Plant Tissues

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Plant Reproduction and Development

Animal Tissues and Organ Systems

Neural Control

Sensory Perception

Endocrine Control

Structural Support and Movement

Circulation

Immunity

Respiration

Digestion and Human Nutrition

Maintaining the Internal Environment

Reproduction and Development

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

The Biosphere

Human Effects on the Biosphere

Filters

The Hershey-Chase experiments, in which ³²P and ³⁵S were used to label biological molecules, demonstrated ____.

Complementary base pairs in a DNA molecule are held together by ____ bonds.

Which bases are pyrimidines?

Match each definition to the correct term. -DNA polymerase

Match each definition to the correct term. -autosome

DNA synthesis on the discontinuous strand produces ____.

Because the sex of sea turtles is determined by the ____, climate change will skew the gender ratio of hatchlings.