Question 1

Most archaeal cell walls consist of ____, while most bacterial cell walls consist of ____, a polymer of peptides and polysaccharides.

Accepted Answer

A) lipids; phospholipids 
B) proteins; peptidoglycan 
C) phospholipids; peptidoglycan 
D) glycoproteins; phospholipids 
E) glycolipids; peptidoglycan 
A) lipids; phospholipids 
B) proteins; peptidoglycan 
C) phospholipids; peptidoglycan 
D) glycoproteins; phospholipids 
E) glycolipids; peptidoglycan B

Question 2

In plant and some protist cells, photosynthesis takes place in ____.

Accepted Answer

A) nucleoli 
B) central vacuoles 
C) amyloplasts 
D) plasmids 
E) chloroplasts 
A) nucleoli 
B) central vacuoles 
C) amyloplasts 
D) plasmids 
E) chloroplasts E

Question 3

Match the endomembrane system component with the best description.
-takes part in intracellular digestion

Accepted Answer

A) vesicle 
B) lysosome 
C) peroxisome 
D) vacuole 
A) vesicle 
B) lysosome 
C) peroxisome 
D) vacuole B

Question 4

​Match the cytoskeletal structure with the best description.
-​interacts with microtubules in cilia and flagella to cause movement

Accepted Answer

A) ​dynein 
B) ​cell cortex 
C) ​centriole 
D) ​microtubule 
E) ​microfilament
F)​intermediate filament 
A) ​dynein 
B) ​cell cortex 
C) ​centriole 
D) ​microtubule 
E) ​microfilament
F)​intermediate filament

Question 5

If free phospholipids were swirled into water, they would ____.

Accepted Answer

A) form pairs 
B) form spheres with the phosphate-containing heads facing each other 
C) dissolve 
D) form a lipid bilayer sheet, with the hydrophobic tails facing each other 
E) form a lipid bilayer sheet, with the phosphate-containing facing each other 
A) form pairs 
B) form spheres with the phosphate-containing heads facing each other 
C) dissolve 
D) form a lipid bilayer sheet, with the hydrophobic tails facing each other 
E) form a lipid bilayer sheet, with the phosphate-containing facing each other

Question 6

Match the endomembrane system component with the best description.
-breaks down fatty acids, amino acids, hydrogen peroxide, and poisons such as alcohol

Accepted Answer

A) vesicle 
B) lysosome 
C) peroxisome 
D) vacuole 
A) vesicle 
B) lysosome 
C) peroxisome 
D) vacuole

Question 7

Polypeptide chains take on their tertiary structure and assemble with other polypeptide chains within the ____.

Accepted Answer

A) ribosomes 
B) rough endoplasmic reticulum 
C) smooth endoplasmic reticulum 
D) Golgi body 
E) vesicles 
A) ribosomes 
B) rough endoplasmic reticulum 
C) smooth endoplasmic reticulum 
D) Golgi body 
E) vesicles

Question 8

Which type of junction uses closable channels to connect the cytoplasm of adjoining animal cells?

Accepted Answer

A) gap junctions 
B) plasmodesmata 
C) tight junctions 
D) adhering junctions 
E) blocking proteins 
A) gap junctions 
B) plasmodesmata 
C) tight junctions 
D) adhering junctions 
E) blocking proteins

Question 9

Match the organelle to the correct description. Each choice may be used more than once.
-sugar metabolism

Accepted Answer

A) ribosomes 
B) mitochondria 
C) lysosomes 
D) Golgi bodies 
E) endoplasmic reticulum 
A) ribosomes 
B) mitochondria 
C) lysosomes 
D) Golgi bodies 
E) endoplasmic reticulum

Question 10

What is the general term for double-membrane organelles that function in photosynthesis, storage, or pigmentation in plant and algal cells?

Accepted Answer

A) chloroplasts 
B) chromoplasts 
C) amyloplasts 
D) plastids 
E) chlorophylls 
A) chloroplasts 
B) chromoplasts 
C) amyloplasts 
D) plastids 
E) chlorophylls

Question 11

Match the organelle to the correct description. Each choice may be used more than once.
-location of ribosomes

Accepted Answer

A) ribosomes 
B) mitochondria 
C) lysosomes 
D) Golgi bodies 
E) endoplasmic reticulum 
A) ribosomes 
B) mitochondria 
C) lysosomes 
D) Golgi bodies 
E) endoplasmic reticulum

Question 12

Pigments, other than chlorophylls, are synthesized and stored in ____.

Accepted Answer

A) mitochondria 
B) chloroplasts 
C) chromoplasts 
D) central vacuoles 
E) vesicles 
A) mitochondria 
B) chloroplasts 
C) chromoplasts 
D) central vacuoles 
E) vesicles

Question 13

A biofilm allows the participating cells to ____.

Accepted Answer

A) travel more efficiently to favorable locations 
B) protect themselves against predators and toxins 
C) exchange DNA via a sex pilus 
D) share nutrients with adjoining cells through gap junctions 
E) remain in a favorable location without being swept away 
A) travel more efficiently to favorable locations 
B) protect themselves against predators and toxins 
C) exchange DNA via a sex pilus 
D) share nutrients with adjoining cells through gap junctions 
E) remain in a favorable location without being swept away

Question 14

A dense, irregularly shaped region within the nucleus in which subunits of ribosomes are synthesized is called the ____.

Accepted Answer

A) plastid 
B) vacuole 
C) nucleoplasm 
D) nucleolus 
E) basal body 
A) plastid 
B) vacuole 
C) nucleoplasm 
D) nucleolus 
E) basal body

Question 15

Fibers known as ____ contain the protein actin and help to strengthen and change the shapes of eukaryotic cells.

Accepted Answer

A) plastids 
B) vacuoles 
C) microvilli 
D) nucleoli 
E) microfilaments 
A) plastids 
B) vacuoles 
C) microvilli 
D) nucleoli 
E) microfilaments

Question 16

Many species of bacteria live bound together by a glue-like substance that, among other things, makes up the plaque on human teeth. This is an example of a ____.

Accepted Answer

A) pilus 
B) multicellular organism 
C) vesicle 
D) single-celled organism 
E) biofilm 
A) pilus 
B) multicellular organism 
C) vesicle 
D) single-celled organism 
E) biofilm

Question 17

Substances targeted for export from the cell are modified and packaged in the ____.

Accepted Answer

A) Golgi bodies 
B) ribosomes 
C) mitochondria 
D) lysosomes 
E) chloroplasts 
A) Golgi bodies 
B) ribosomes 
C) mitochondria 
D) lysosomes 
E) chloroplasts

Question 18

To visualize objects smaller than those that can be resolved by a light microscope, a(n) ____ microscope is used.

Accepted Answer

A) electron 
B) fluorescent 
C) proton 
D) transmission 
E) x-ray 
A) electron 
B) fluorescent 
C) proton 
D) transmission 
E) x-ray

Question 19

Fluorescent dyes help visualize internal cellular structures by ____.

Accepted Answer

A) decreasing contrast between cellular structures 
B) directing a beam of UV light across the surface of a cell 
C) directing a beam of visible light across the surface of a cell 
D) absorbing UV light and emitting colored light 
E) absorbing visible light and emitting blue light 
A) decreasing contrast between cellular structures 
B) directing a beam of UV light across the surface of a cell 
C) directing a beam of visible light across the surface of a cell 
D) absorbing UV light and emitting colored light 
E) absorbing visible light and emitting blue light

Question 20

Which structure is large enough to be visualized with a light microscope?

Accepted Answer

A) small molecule 
B) protein 
C) virus 
D) chloroplast 
E) complex carbohydrate 
A) small molecule 
B) protein 
C) virus 
D) chloroplast 
E) complex carbohydrate

Exam 4: Cell Structure

Most archaeal cell walls consist of ____, while most bacterial cell walls consist of ____, a polymer of peptides and polysaccharides.

In plant and some protist cells, photosynthesis takes place in ____.

Match the endomembrane system component with the best description. -takes part in intracellular digestion

​Match the cytoskeletal structure with the best description. -​interacts with microtubules in cilia and flagella to cause movement

If free phospholipids were swirled into water, they would ____.

Match the endomembrane system component with the best description. -breaks down fatty acids, amino acids, hydrogen peroxide, and poisons such as alcohol

Polypeptide chains take on their tertiary structure and assemble with other polypeptide chains within the ____.

Which type of junction uses closable channels to connect the cytoplasm of adjoining animal cells?

Match the organelle to the correct description. Each choice may be used more than once. -sugar metabolism

What is the general term for double-membrane organelles that function in photosynthesis, storage, or pigmentation in plant and algal cells?

Match the organelle to the correct description. Each choice may be used more than once. -location of ribosomes

Pigments, other than chlorophylls, are synthesized and stored in ____.

A biofilm allows the participating cells to ____.

A dense, irregularly shaped region within the nucleus in which subunits of ribosomes are synthesized is called the ____.

Fibers known as ____ contain the protein actin and help to strengthen and change the shapes of eukaryotic cells.

Many species of bacteria live bound together by a glue-like substance that, among other things, makes up the plaque on human teeth. This is an example of a ____.

Substances targeted for export from the cell are modified and packaged in the ____.

To visualize objects smaller than those that can be resolved by a light microscope, a(n) ____ microscope is used.

Fluorescent dyes help visualize internal cellular structures by ____.

Which structure is large enough to be visualized with a light microscope?

The Science of Biology

Lifes Chemical Basis

Molecules of Life

Ground Rules of Metabolism

Where It Starts-Photosynthesis

Releasing Chemical Energy

DNA Structure and Function

From DNA to Protein

Control of Gene Expression

How Cells Reproduce

Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

Patterns in Inherited Traits

Human Inheritance

Biotechnology

Evidence of Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Lifes Origin and Early Evolution

Viruses, Bacteria, and Archaea

The Protists

Plant Evolution

Fungi

Animals I: Major Invertebrate Groups

Animals Ii: the Chordates

Plant Tissues

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Plant Reproduction and Development

Animal Tissues and Organ Systems

Neural Control

Sensory Perception

Endocrine Control

Structural Support and Movement

Circulation

Immunity

Respiration

Digestion and Human Nutrition

Maintaining the Internal Environment

Reproduction and Development

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

The Biosphere

Human Effects on the Biosphere

Filters

Most archaeal cell walls consist of , while most bacterial cell walls consist of , a polymer of peptides and polysaccharides.

Match the cytoskeletal structure with the best description. -interacts with microtubules in cilia and flagella to cause movement