Question 1

-The accompanying figure illustrates the ____ biological systems.

Accepted Answer

A) destruction of energy in 
B) dispersion of chemical bond energy throughout 
C) decrease in entropy in 
D) one-way flow of energy through 
E) bidirectional flow of energy through 
A) destruction of energy in 
B) dispersion of chemical bond energy throughout 
C) decrease in entropy in 
D) one-way flow of energy through 
E) bidirectional flow of energy through D

Question 2

Movement of a molecule against its concentration gradient always requires ____.

Accepted Answer

A) cofactors 
B) electron transfer chains 
C) oxidation 
D) energy 
E) reduction 
A) cofactors 
B) electron transfer chains 
C) oxidation 
D) energy 
E) reduction D

Question 3

A car uses the energy stored in the organic molecules of gasoline to propel the vehicle forward. However, not all the energy contained in the fuel molecules is used for propulsion; instead, some is lost as heat. In this scenario, entropy is ____, illustrating the ____ law of thermodynamics.

Accepted Answer

A) increasing; second 
B) decreasing; second. 
C) increasing; first 
D) decreasing; second.. 
E) staying the same; second 
A) increasing; second 
B) decreasing; second. 
C) increasing; first 
D) decreasing; second.. 
E) staying the same; second A

Question 4

The analogy of a key fitting into a lock is descriptive of the ____.

Accepted Answer

A) random collision between substrate molecules 
B) binding of coenzymes to enzymes 
C) binding of substrate to the enzyme's active site 
D) regeneration of ATP from ADP 
E) stepwise cascade of electrons in the oxidation-reduction reactions 
A) random collision between substrate molecules 
B) binding of coenzymes to enzymes 
C) binding of substrate to the enzyme's active site 
D) regeneration of ATP from ADP 
E) stepwise cascade of electrons in the oxidation-reduction reactions

Question 5

The enzyme hexokinase catalyzes the addition of a phosphate group (taken from ATP) to a glucose molecule. Magnesium (Mg++), which is required for hexokinase to function properly, interacts with the ATP to facilitate binding to the hexokinase active site. Magnesium is therefore a(n) ____.

Accepted Answer

A) product 
B) reactant 
C) cofactor 
D) substrate 
E) enzyme 
A) product 
B) reactant 
C) cofactor 
D) substrate 
E) enzyme

Question 6

Match the transport mechanism to the correct description.
-general term that describes the movement of molecules against a concentration gradient

Accepted Answer

A) diffusion 
B) facilitated diffusion 
C) osmotic pressure 
D) active transport 
E) receptor-mediated endocytosis
F)osmosis 
A) diffusion 
B) facilitated diffusion 
C) osmotic pressure 
D) active transport 
E) receptor-mediated endocytosis
F)osmosis

Question 7

-The red blood cells shown in the middle micrograph of the accompanying figure are immersed in a(n) ____ solution.

Accepted Answer

A) hypotonic 
B) isotonic 
C) hypertonic 
D) enzymatic 
E) turgor 
A) hypotonic 
B) isotonic 
C) hypertonic 
D) enzymatic 
E) turgor

Question 8

Adding heat to molecules boosts their free energy. The greater the free energy of reactants, the closer they are to ____.

Accepted Answer

A) feedback inhibition 
B) an exergonic reaction 
C) an induced fit with an enzyme 
D) the transition state 
E) cofactor interaction 
A) feedback inhibition 
B) an exergonic reaction 
C) an induced fit with an enzyme 
D) the transition state 
E) cofactor interaction

Question 9

Pressure that a fluid exerts against its container is called ____.

Accepted Answer

A) hypertonic 
B) a pressure gradient 
C) osmosis 
D) turgor 
E) isotonic 
A) hypertonic 
B) a pressure gradient 
C) osmosis 
D) turgor 
E) isotonic

Question 10

-In the metabolic pathway of ethanol breakdown, as shown in the accompanying figure, ____.?

Accepted Answer

A) NAD+ is a coenzyme for both the ADH and ALDH enzymes 
B) acetate is a toxic metabolite, leading to the effects of a hangover 
C) acetaldehyde is a harmless metabolite which is excreted by the body 
D) a lack of ALDH enzyme will lessen the effects of a hangover 
E) ethanol is converted to acetaldehyde, a less toxic intermediate 
A) NAD+ is a coenzyme for both the ADH and ALDH enzymes 
B) acetate is a toxic metabolite, leading to the effects of a hangover 
C) acetaldehyde is a harmless metabolite which is excreted by the body 
D) a lack of ALDH enzyme will lessen the effects of a hangover 
E) ethanol is converted to acetaldehyde, a less toxic intermediate

Question 11

Match the transport mechanism to the correct description.
-the process by which a protein assists in passive transport

Accepted Answer

A) diffusion 
B) facilitated diffusion 
C) osmotic pressure 
D) active transport 
E) receptor-mediated endocytosis
F)osmosis 
A) diffusion 
B) facilitated diffusion 
C) osmotic pressure 
D) active transport 
E) receptor-mediated endocytosis
F)osmosis

Question 12

How does a high environmental pH affect an enzyme's activity?

Accepted Answer

A) High pH decreases the activity of all enzymes. 
B) High pH increases the activity of all enzymes. 
C) High pH changes the shape of all enzymes. 
D) High pH does not affect the enzyme, but does lower the availability of substrate. 
E) Some enzymes work well at a high pH, some work well at low pH. 
A) High pH decreases the activity of all enzymes. 
B) High pH increases the activity of all enzymes. 
C) High pH changes the shape of all enzymes. 
D) High pH does not affect the enzyme, but does lower the availability of substrate. 
E) Some enzymes work well at a high pH, some work well at low pH.

Question 13

A car uses the energy stored in the organic molecules of gasoline to propel the vehicle forward. In this scenario, the ____ energy in the gasoline is converted to ____ energy of motion, illustrating the ____ law of thermodynamics.

Accepted Answer

A) potential; chemical bond; second 
B) chemical; activation; second 
C) kinetic; potential; first 
D) potential; kinetic; first 
E) activation; kinetic; second 
A) potential; chemical bond; second 
B) chemical; activation; second 
C) kinetic; potential; first 
D) potential; kinetic; first 
E) activation; kinetic; second

Question 14

A teacher at the front of a classroom sprays a mist of perfume into the air. After a few minutes, the students in the back of the room are able to smell the perfume. This is an example of ____.

Accepted Answer

A) increasing entropy only 
B) diffusion only 
C) decreasing entropy only 
D) increasing entropy and diffusion 
E) decreasing entropy and diffusion 
A) increasing entropy only 
B) diffusion only 
C) decreasing entropy only 
D) increasing entropy and diffusion 
E) decreasing entropy and diffusion

Question 15

A molecule that gives up an electron becomes ____.

Accepted Answer

A) ionized only 
B) oxidized only 
C) reduced only 
D) both ionized and oxidized 
E) both ionized and reduced 
A) ionized only 
B) oxidized only 
C) reduced only 
D) both ionized and oxidized 
E) both ionized and reduced

Question 16

In a cyclic metabolic pathway, the ____.

Accepted Answer

A) product inhibits the activity of the first enzyme in the pathway 
B) last step regenerates the enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the pathway 
C) product inhibits the activity of the enzyme that catalyzes the last step in the pathway 
D) last step regenerates the reactant for the first step in the pathway 
E) regulatory molecules bind to regions of enzymes other than the active site 
A) product inhibits the activity of the first enzyme in the pathway 
B) last step regenerates the enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the pathway 
C) product inhibits the activity of the enzyme that catalyzes the last step in the pathway 
D) last step regenerates the reactant for the first step in the pathway 
E) regulatory molecules bind to regions of enzymes other than the active site

Question 17

In the formation of ATP from ADP and Pi, ADP is ____.

Accepted Answer

A) reduced 
B) oxidized 
C) phosphorylated 
D) denatured 
E) inactivated 
A) reduced 
B) oxidized 
C) phosphorylated 
D) denatured 
E) inactivated

Question 18

ATP contains ____.

Accepted Answer

A) adenine 
B) cytosine 
C) uracil 
D) thymine 
E) guanine 
A) adenine 
B) cytosine 
C) uracil 
D) thymine 
E) guanine

Question 19

Match the transport mechanism to the correct description.
-the movement of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane

Accepted Answer

A) diffusion 
B) facilitated diffusion 
C) osmotic pressure 
D) active transport 
E) receptor-mediated endocytosis
F)osmosis 
A) diffusion 
B) facilitated diffusion 
C) osmotic pressure 
D) active transport 
E) receptor-mediated endocytosis
F)osmosis

Question 20

A(n) ____ is an organized series of reaction steps in which membrane-bound arrays of enzymes and other molecules give up and accept electrons in turn.

Accepted Answer

A) cyclic metabolic pathway 
B) endergonic reaction 
C) electron transfer chain 
D) concentration gradient 
E) passive transport 
A) cyclic metabolic pathway 
B) endergonic reaction 
C) electron transfer chain 
D) concentration gradient 
E) passive transport

Exam 5: Ground Rules of Metabolism

-The accompanying figure illustrates the ____ biological systems.

Movement of a molecule against its concentration gradient always requires ____.

A car uses the energy stored in the organic molecules of gasoline to propel the vehicle forward. However, not all the energy contained in the fuel molecules is used for propulsion; instead, some is lost as heat. In this scenario, entropy is ____, illustrating the ____ law of thermodynamics.

The analogy of a key fitting into a lock is descriptive of the ____.

The enzyme hexokinase catalyzes the addition of a phosphate group (taken from ATP) to a glucose molecule. Magnesium (Mg++), which is required for hexokinase to function properly, interacts with the ATP to facilitate binding to the hexokinase active site. Magnesium is therefore a(n) ____.

Match the transport mechanism to the correct description. -general term that describes the movement of molecules against a concentration gradient

-The red blood cells shown in the middle micrograph of the accompanying figure are immersed in a(n) ____ solution.

Adding heat to molecules boosts their free energy. The greater the free energy of reactants, the closer they are to ____.

Pressure that a fluid exerts against its container is called ____.

-In the metabolic pathway of ethanol breakdown, as shown in the accompanying figure, ____.?

Match the transport mechanism to the correct description. -the process by which a protein assists in passive transport

How does a high environmental pH affect an enzyme's activity?

A car uses the energy stored in the organic molecules of gasoline to propel the vehicle forward. In this scenario, the ____ energy in the gasoline is converted to ____ energy of motion, illustrating the ____ law of thermodynamics.

A teacher at the front of a classroom sprays a mist of perfume into the air. After a few minutes, the students in the back of the room are able to smell the perfume. This is an example of ____.

A molecule that gives up an electron becomes ____.

In a cyclic metabolic pathway, the ____.

In the formation of ATP from ADP and Pi, ADP is ____.

ATP contains ____.

Match the transport mechanism to the correct description. -the movement of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane

A(n) ____ is an organized series of reaction steps in which membrane-bound arrays of enzymes and other molecules give up and accept electrons in turn.

The Science of Biology

Lifes Chemical Basis

Molecules of Life

Cell Structure

Where It Starts-Photosynthesis

Releasing Chemical Energy

DNA Structure and Function

From DNA to Protein

Control of Gene Expression

How Cells Reproduce

Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

Patterns in Inherited Traits

Human Inheritance

Biotechnology

Evidence of Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Lifes Origin and Early Evolution

Viruses, Bacteria, and Archaea

The Protists

Plant Evolution

Fungi

Animals I: Major Invertebrate Groups

Animals Ii: the Chordates

Plant Tissues

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Plant Reproduction and Development

Animal Tissues and Organ Systems

Neural Control

Sensory Perception

Endocrine Control

Structural Support and Movement

Circulation

Immunity

Respiration

Digestion and Human Nutrition

Maintaining the Internal Environment

Reproduction and Development

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

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Ecosystems

The Biosphere

Human Effects on the Biosphere

Filters

A car uses the energy stored in the organic molecules of gasoline to propel the vehicle forward. However, not all the energy contained in the fuel molecules is used for propulsion; instead, some is lost as heat. In this scenario, entropy is , illustrating the law of thermodynamics.

The enzyme hexokinase catalyzes the addition of a phosphate group (taken from ATP) to a glucose molecule. Magnesium (Mg⁺⁺), which is required for hexokinase to function properly, interacts with the ATP to facilitate binding to the hexokinase active site. Magnesium is therefore a(n) ____.

A car uses the energy stored in the organic molecules of gasoline to propel the vehicle forward. In this scenario, the energy in the gasoline is converted to energy of motion, illustrating the law of thermodynamics.

In the formation of ATP from ADP and P_i, ADP is ____.