Question 1

The MOST commonly used strategy to decrease type I error is to ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  make alpha bigger 
B)  collect more data 
C)  always reject the null hypothesis 
D)  make it harder to reject the null hypothesis 
A)  make alpha bigger 
B)  collect more data 
C)  always reject the null hypothesis 
D)  make it harder to reject the null hypothesis

Question 2

When testing the difference between two sample means, one measure of effect size that may be calculated is the ______ statistic.

Accepted Answer

A)  α 
B)  t2 
C)  r2 
D)  df 
A)  α 
B)  t2 
C)  r2 
D)  df

Question 3

How would a researcher interpret an r2 value of .05?

Accepted Answer

A)  95% of the variance in one variable is explained by another variable. 
B)  5% of the variance in one variable is explained by another variable. 
C)  .5% of the variance in one variable is explained by another variable. 
D)  .05% of the variance in one variable is explained by another variable. 
A)  95% of the variance in one variable is explained by another variable. 
B)  5% of the variance in one variable is explained by another variable. 
C)  .5% of the variance in one variable is explained by another variable. 
D)  .05% of the variance in one variable is explained by another variable.

Question 4

Calculate Cohen's d for t = 2.35 with N = 30 for each of the two groups.

Accepted Answer

A)  .08 
B)  .31 
C)  .62 
D)  .89 
A)  .08 
B)  .31 
C)  .62 
D)  .89

Question 5

According to Cohen, an r2 effect size of .04 may be considered to be a ______ effect.

Accepted Answer

A)  small 
B)  medium 
C)  large 
D)  nonsignificant 
A)  small 
B)  medium 
C)  large 
D)  nonsignificant

Question 6

A researcher found that his statistic was significant at the p < .001 level, indicating it was "more" significant than if the significance level was found to be p < .01.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The probability of NOT making a ______ error is equal to ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  type I; 1 - α 
B)  type II; 1 - α 
C)  type I; 1 - β 
D)  type II; 0 
A)  type I; 1 - α 
B)  type II; 1 - α 
C)  type I; 1 - β 
D)  type II; 0

Question 8

The main concern with lowering the probability of making a type I error is that it ______

Accepted Answer

A)  increases the probability of making a type II error 
B)  decreases the probability of making a type II error 
C)  requires collecting more data 
D)  increases the likelihood of finding effects when they in fact do not exist 
A)  increases the probability of making a type II error 
B)  decreases the probability of making a type II error 
C)  requires collecting more data 
D)  increases the likelihood of finding effects when they in fact do not exist

Question 9

A type I error occurs when researchers conclude an effect ______ when it ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  exists; does 
B)  does not exist; does not 
C)  exists; does not 
D)  does not exist; does 
A)  exists; does 
B)  does not exist; does not 
C)  exists; does not 
D)  does not exist; does

Question 10

A type I error occurs when the researcher ______, while a type II error occurs when the researcher ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  says an effect does not exists when it does; says an effect exists when it does not 
B)  reject the null when they should not; does not reject the null when the alternative hypothesis is true 
C)  does not reject the null; does reject the null 
D)  does not reject the null when the alternative hypothesis is true; rejects the null when they should not have 
A)  says an effect does not exists when it does; says an effect exists when it does not 
B)  reject the null when they should not; does not reject the null when the alternative hypothesis is true 
C)  does not reject the null; does reject the null 
D)  does not reject the null when the alternative hypothesis is true; rejects the null when they should not have

Question 11

Calculate Cohen's d for t = 3.12 with N = 30 for each of the two groups.

Accepted Answer

A)  .11 
B)  .41 
C)  .82 
D)  1.18 
A)  .11 
B)  .41 
C)  .82 
D)  1.18

Question 12

Which of the following would be considered a 'small' effect size according to Cohen?

Accepted Answer

A)  r2 = .01 
B)  r2 = .08 
C)  r2 = .19 
D)  r2 = .11 
A)  r2 = .01 
B)  r2 = .08 
C)  r2 = .19 
D)  r2 = .11

Question 13

Never making a ______ can be accomplished by always rejecting the null hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

A)  type I error 
B)  type II error 
C)  error in sampling 
D)  decision on effect size 
A)  type I error 
B)  type II error 
C)  error in sampling 
D)  decision on effect size

Question 14

______ is defined as the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when the alternative hypothesis is true.

Accepted Answer

A)  Type I error 
B)  Error variance 
C)  Statistical Power 
D)  Effect size 
A)  Type I error 
B)  Error variance 
C)  Statistical Power 
D)  Effect size

Question 15

One way to reduce the probability of making a type I error is to ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  make it harder to reject the null hypothesis 
B)  make it easier to reject the null hypothesis 
C)  use a one-tailed test instead of a two-tailed test 
D)  make the region of rejection larger 
A)  make it harder to reject the null hypothesis 
B)  make it easier to reject the null hypothesis 
C)  use a one-tailed test instead of a two-tailed test 
D)  make the region of rejection larger

Question 16

Calculate Cohen's d for t = 2.04 with N = 40 for each of the two groups.

Accepted Answer

A)  .05 
B)  .23 
C)  .46 
D)  .66 
A)  .05 
B)  .23 
C)  .46 
D)  .66

Question 17

Which of the following is a reason the phrase "highly significant" is improper to use?

Accepted Answer

A)  The level of significance is a direct function of sample size. 
B)  Statistical significance is a dichotomy. 
C)  p < .01 is not necessarily 'better' than a finding at the p < .05 level. 
D)  all of these 
A)  The level of significance is a direct function of sample size. 
B)  Statistical significance is a dichotomy. 
C)  p < .01 is not necessarily 'better' than a finding at the p < .05 level. 
D)  all of these

Question 18

α is the probability of ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  making a type I error 
B)  making a type II error 
C)  not making a type I error 
D)  not making a type II error 
A)  making a type I error 
B)  making a type II error 
C)  not making a type I error 
D)  not making a type II error

Question 19

A(n) ______ is a statistic that measures the magnitude of the relationship between variables.

Accepted Answer

A)  statistical power 
B)  error variance 
C)  measure of effect size 
D)  within-group variability 
A)  statistical power 
B)  error variance 
C)  measure of effect size 
D)  within-group variability

Question 20

By never rejecting the null hypothesis one has completely eliminated the possibility of ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  a type II error 
B)  a type I error 
C)  increasing the statistical power 
D)  decreasing the statistical power 
A)  a type II error 
B)  a type I error 
C)  increasing the statistical power 
D)  decreasing the statistical power

The MOST commonly used strategy to decrease type I error is to ______.

When testing the difference between two sample means, one measure of effect size that may be calculated is the ______ statistic.

How would a researcher interpret an r²value of .05?

Calculate Cohen's d for t = 2.35 with N = 30 for each of the two groups.

According to Cohen, an r² effect size of .04 may be considered to be a ______ ^effect.

A researcher found that his statistic was significant at the p < .001 level, indicating it was "more" significant than if the significance level was found to be p < .01.

The probability of NOT making a error is equal to .

The main concern with lowering the probability of making a type I error is that it ______

A type I error occurs when researchers conclude an effect when it .

A type I error occurs when the researcher , while a type II error occurs when the researcher .

Calculate Cohen's d for t = 3.12 with N = 30 for each of the two groups.

Which of the following would be considered a 'small' effect size according to Cohen?

Never making a ______ can be accomplished by always rejecting the null hypothesis.

______ is defined as the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when the alternative hypothesis is true.

One way to reduce the probability of making a type I error is to ______.

Calculate Cohen's d for t = 2.04 with N = 40 for each of the two groups.

Which of the following is a reason the phrase "highly significant" is improper to use?

α is the probability of ______.

A(n) ______ is a statistic that measures the magnitude of the relationship between variables.

By never rejecting the null hypothesis one has completely eliminated the possibility of ______.

Introduction to Statistics

Examining Data: Tables and Figures

Measures of Central Tendency

Measures of Variability

Normal Distributions

Probability and Hypothesis Testing

Testing One Sample Mean

Estimating the Mean of a Population

Testing the Difference Between Two Means

One-Way Analysis of Variance Anova

Two-Way Analysis of Variance Anova

Correlation

Linear Regression and Multiple Correlation

Chi-Square

Filters

Exam 10: Errors in Hypothesis Testing, Statistical Power, and Effect Size

The MOST commonly used strategy to decrease type I error is to ______.

When testing the difference between two sample means, one measure of effect size that may be calculated is the ______ statistic.

How would a researcher interpret an r2 value of .05?

Calculate Cohen's d for t = 2.35 with N = 30 for each of the two groups.

According to Cohen, an r2 effect size of .04 may be considered to be a ______ effect.

A researcher found that his statistic was significant at the p < .001 level, indicating it was "more" significant than if the significance level was found to be p < .01.

The probability of NOT making a ______ error is equal to ______.

The main concern with lowering the probability of making a type I error is that it ______

A type I error occurs when researchers conclude an effect ______ when it ______.

A type I error occurs when the researcher ______, while a type II error occurs when the researcher ______.

Calculate Cohen's d for t = 3.12 with N = 30 for each of the two groups.

Which of the following would be considered a 'small' effect size according to Cohen?

Never making a ______ can be accomplished by always rejecting the null hypothesis.

______ is defined as the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when the alternative hypothesis is true.

One way to reduce the probability of making a type I error is to ______.

Calculate Cohen's d for t = 2.04 with N = 40 for each of the two groups.

Which of the following is a reason the phrase "highly significant" is improper to use?

α is the probability of ______.

A(n) ______ is a statistic that measures the magnitude of the relationship between variables.

By never rejecting the null hypothesis one has completely eliminated the possibility of ______.

Introduction to Statistics

Examining Data: Tables and Figures

Measures of Central Tendency

Measures of Variability

Normal Distributions

Probability and Hypothesis Testing

Testing One Sample Mean

Estimating the Mean of a Population

Testing the Difference Between Two Means

One-Way Analysis of Variance Anova

Two-Way Analysis of Variance Anova

Correlation

Linear Regression and Multiple Correlation

Chi-Square

Filters

How would a researcher interpret an r²value of .05?

According to Cohen, an r² effect size of .04 may be considered to be a ______ ^effect.

The probability of NOT making a error is equal to .

A type I error occurs when researchers conclude an effect when it .

A type I error occurs when the researcher , while a type II error occurs when the researcher .