Question 1

A decision rule ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  specifies the values of a statistic that lead to rejection of the null hypothesis 
B)  states the null and alternative hypotheses 
C)  specifies when researchers can say their hypothesis has been proved 
D)  defines what is meant by a "low" probability 
A)  specifies the values of a statistic that lead to rejection of the null hypothesis 
B)  states the null and alternative hypotheses 
C)  specifies when researchers can say their hypothesis has been proved 
D)  defines what is meant by a "low" probability

Question 2

Which of the following BEST addresses the addition rule of probability?

Accepted Answer

A)  Am I more likely to be killed in a plane crash or by terrorists? 
B)  What are my chances of getting at least 4 heads in 7 coin flips? 
C)  What is the probability of Hillary Clinton being elected president? 
D)  What type of car is most likely to be stolen? 
A)  Am I more likely to be killed in a plane crash or by terrorists? 
B)  What are my chances of getting at least 4 heads in 7 coin flips? 
C)  What is the probability of Hillary Clinton being elected president? 
D)  What type of car is most likely to be stolen?

Question 3

Conceptually, probability is most similar to the concept of ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  likelihood 
B)  hypothesis 
C)  samples 
D)  deductive reasoning 
A)  likelihood 
B)  hypothesis 
C)  samples 
D)  deductive reasoning

Question 4

Drawing distributions and shading in certain areas of the distribution corresponds MOST directly to ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  stating the null hypothesis 
B)  the difference between statistics (such as s) and parameters (such as σ) 
C)  the effect of sample size on α 
D)  the concept of a 'critical value' 
A)  stating the null hypothesis 
B)  the difference between statistics (such as s) and parameters (such as σ) 
C)  the effect of sample size on α 
D)  the concept of a 'critical value'

Question 5

All other things being equal, the ______ the sample size, the ______ likely you are to ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  larger; less; prove your research hypothesis 
B)  smaller; less; reject the alternative hypothesis 
C)  smaller; less; reject the null hypothesis 
D)  more representative; larger; reject the null hypothesis 
A)  larger; less; prove your research hypothesis 
B)  smaller; less; reject the alternative hypothesis 
C)  smaller; less; reject the null hypothesis 
D)  more representative; larger; reject the null hypothesis

Question 6

If you were to draw 15 random samples of 100 residents in a city you may get 15 different means. These differences across samples may be defined as ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  probability 
B)  random error 
C)  sampling error 
D)  normal error 
A)  probability 
B)  random error 
C)  sampling error 
D)  normal error

Question 7

The "equals" sign can be found in which of the following hypotheses?

Accepted Answer

A)  research hypothesis 
B)  null hypothesis 
C)  alternative hypothesis 
D)  all of these 
A)  research hypothesis 
B)  null hypothesis 
C)  alternative hypothesis 
D)  all of these

Question 8

Which of the following beliefs is the BEST example of an alternative hypothesis (H1)?

Accepted Answer

A)  "Boys and girls are equally likely to become obese as they age." 
B)  "Pepsi and Coke taste the same." 
C)  "Taking steroids help baseball players hit more home runs." 
D)  "Drugs such as Viagra do not improve the relationship between married couples." 
A)  "Boys and girls are equally likely to become obese as they age." 
B)  "Pepsi and Coke taste the same." 
C)  "Taking steroids help baseball players hit more home runs." 
D)  "Drugs such as Viagra do not improve the relationship between married couples."

Question 9

Which of the following beliefs is the BEST example of an alternative hypothesis (H1)?

Accepted Answer

A)  "It doesn't matter whether the President of the U.S. is a Democrat or a Republican." 
B)  "Men and women are looking for the same thing in their dating partners." 
C)  "Rubbing a good luck charm helps gamblers win more money." 
D)  "Cats are just as smart as dogs." 
A)  "It doesn't matter whether the President of the U.S. is a Democrat or a Republican." 
B)  "Men and women are looking for the same thing in their dating partners." 
C)  "Rubbing a good luck charm helps gamblers win more money." 
D)  "Cats are just as smart as dogs."

Question 10

A statistical hypothesis that contains the ______ symbol may be defined as ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  ; non-directional 
C)  ≠; two-tailed 
D)  ≠; directional 
A)  ; non-directional 
C)  ≠; two-tailed 
D)  ≠; directional

Question 11

A research shows "support" for a research hypothesis when the null hypothesis is NOT accepted.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

______ the size of the sample makes the critical value ______, which in turn ______ the likelihood of rejecting the null hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

A)  Decreasing; smaller; decreases 
B)  Increasing; smaller; increases 
C)  Increasing; larger; decreases 
D)  Decreasing; larger; increases 
A)  Decreasing; smaller; decreases 
B)  Increasing; smaller; increases 
C)  Increasing; larger; decreases 
D)  Decreasing; larger; increases

Question 13

The statement ______ is an example of a ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  μ ≠ 5; non-directional alternative hypothesis 
B)  μ = 5; directional alternative hypothesis 
C)  μ ≠ 5; null hypothesis 
D)  μ = 5; directional research hypothesis 
A)  μ ≠ 5; non-directional alternative hypothesis 
B)  μ = 5; directional alternative hypothesis 
C)  μ ≠ 5; null hypothesis 
D)  μ = 5; directional research hypothesis

Question 14

You ______ the null hypothesis when the probability of the statistic is ______ 5%.

Accepted Answer

A)  reject; greater than 
B)  do not reject; less than 
C)  reject; equal to 
D)  do not reject; greater than 
A)  reject; greater than 
B)  do not reject; less than 
C)  reject; equal to 
D)  do not reject; greater than

Question 15

The process of hypothesis testing starts with the assumption that ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  the null hypothesis is yet to be defined 
B)  the null hypothesis is true 
C)  the alternative hypothesis is true unless the data proves otherwise 
D)  the research hypothesis is true 
A)  the null hypothesis is yet to be defined 
B)  the null hypothesis is true 
C)  the alternative hypothesis is true unless the data proves otherwise 
D)  the research hypothesis is true

Question 16

In this figure, the unshaded area represents ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  the region of rejection 
B)  the region of acceptance 
C)  values of the statistic with a relatively low probability of occurring 
D)  the region of non-rejection 
A)  the region of rejection 
B)  the region of acceptance 
C)  values of the statistic with a relatively low probability of occurring 
D)  the region of non-rejection

Question 17

A 'critical value' is ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  a rule 
B)  a probability 
C)  a hypothesis 
D)  a value of a statistic 
A)  a rule 
B)  a probability 
C)  a hypothesis 
D)  a value of a statistic

Question 18

You will make the decision to ______ when the probability of a statistic is ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  reject the null hypothesis; 'low' ( .05) 
A)  reject the null hypothesis; 'low' ( .05)

Question 19

Conceptually, probability may be defined as ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  the total number of possible outcomes divided by the total number of events 
B)  the total number of possible outcomes 
C)  the likelihood of the occurrence of a particular outcome of an event given all possible outcomes 
D)  the number of ways an outcome can occur plus the number of ways an outcome cannot occur 
A)  the total number of possible outcomes divided by the total number of events 
B)  the total number of possible outcomes 
C)  the likelihood of the occurrence of a particular outcome of an event given all possible outcomes 
D)  the number of ways an outcome can occur plus the number of ways an outcome cannot occur

Question 20

You ______ when the probability of the statistic is ______ 5%.

Accepted Answer

A)  do not reject the null hypothesis; less than 
B)  reject the alternative hypothesis; less than 
C)  do not reject the null hypothesis; greater than 
D)  accept the null hypothesis; less than 
A)  do not reject the null hypothesis; less than 
B)  reject the alternative hypothesis; less than 
C)  do not reject the null hypothesis; greater than 
D)  accept the null hypothesis; less than

A decision rule ______.

Which of the following BEST addresses the addition rule of probability?

Conceptually, probability is most similar to the concept of ______.

Drawing distributions and shading in certain areas of the distribution corresponds MOST directly to ______.

All other things being equal, the the sample size, the likely you are to __.

If you were to draw 15 random samples of 100 residents in a city you may get 15 different means. These differences across samples may be defined as ______.

The "equals" sign can be found in which of the following hypotheses?

Which of the following beliefs is the BEST example of an alternative hypothesis (H₁)?

Which of the following beliefs is the BEST example of an alternative hypothesis (H₁)?

A statistical hypothesis that contains the symbol may be defined as .

A research shows "support" for a research hypothesis when the null hypothesis is NOT accepted.

the size of the sample makes the critical value , which in turn __ the likelihood of rejecting the null hypothesis.

The statement is an example of a .

You the null hypothesis when the probability of the statistic is 5%.

The process of hypothesis testing starts with the assumption that ______.

In this figure, the unshaded area represents ______.

A 'critical value' is ______.

You will make the decision to when the probability of a statistic is .

Conceptually, probability may be defined as ______.

You when the probability of the statistic is 5%.

Introduction to Statistics

Examining Data: Tables and Figures

Measures of Central Tendency

Measures of Variability

Normal Distributions

Testing One Sample Mean

Estimating the Mean of a Population

Testing the Difference Between Two Means

Errors in Hypothesis Testing, Statistical Power, and Effect Size

One-Way Analysis of Variance Anova

Two-Way Analysis of Variance Anova

Correlation

Linear Regression and Multiple Correlation

Chi-Square

Filters

Exam 6: Probability and Hypothesis Testing

A decision rule ______.

Which of the following BEST addresses the addition rule of probability?

Conceptually, probability is most similar to the concept of ______.

Drawing distributions and shading in certain areas of the distribution corresponds MOST directly to ______.

All other things being equal, the ______ the sample size, the ______ likely you are to ______.

If you were to draw 15 random samples of 100 residents in a city you may get 15 different means. These differences across samples may be defined as ______.

The "equals" sign can be found in which of the following hypotheses?

Which of the following beliefs is the BEST example of an alternative hypothesis (H1)?

Which of the following beliefs is the BEST example of an alternative hypothesis (H1)?

A statistical hypothesis that contains the ______ symbol may be defined as ______.

A research shows "support" for a research hypothesis when the null hypothesis is NOT accepted.

______ the size of the sample makes the critical value ______, which in turn ______ the likelihood of rejecting the null hypothesis.

The statement ______ is an example of a ______.

You ______ the null hypothesis when the probability of the statistic is ______ 5%.

The process of hypothesis testing starts with the assumption that ______.

In this figure, the unshaded area represents ______.

A 'critical value' is ______.

You will make the decision to ______ when the probability of a statistic is ______.

Conceptually, probability may be defined as ______.

You ______ when the probability of the statistic is ______ 5%.

Introduction to Statistics

Examining Data: Tables and Figures

Measures of Central Tendency

Measures of Variability

Normal Distributions

Testing One Sample Mean

Estimating the Mean of a Population

Testing the Difference Between Two Means

Errors in Hypothesis Testing, Statistical Power, and Effect Size

One-Way Analysis of Variance Anova

Two-Way Analysis of Variance Anova

Correlation

Linear Regression and Multiple Correlation

Chi-Square

Filters

All other things being equal, the the sample size, the likely you are to __.

Which of the following beliefs is the BEST example of an alternative hypothesis (H₁)?

Which of the following beliefs is the BEST example of an alternative hypothesis (H₁)?

A statistical hypothesis that contains the symbol may be defined as .

the size of the sample makes the critical value , which in turn __ the likelihood of rejecting the null hypothesis.

The statement is an example of a .

You the null hypothesis when the probability of the statistic is 5%.

You will make the decision to when the probability of a statistic is .

You when the probability of the statistic is 5%.