Question 1

What is the independent variable in an experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  the variable that the researcher manipulates 
B)  the variable that is set apart from the other manipulated variables 
C)  the outcome variable 
D)  the variable that is often interchangeable with the confounding variable 
A)  the variable that the researcher manipulates 
B)  the variable that is set apart from the other manipulated variables 
C)  the outcome variable 
D)  the variable that is often interchangeable with the confounding variable

Question 2

An extraversion scale is correlated with other extraversion scales. This is considered to be an example of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  convergent validity 
B)  predictive validity 
C)  face validity 
D)  discriminant validity 
A)  convergent validity 
B)  predictive validity 
C)  face validity 
D)  discriminant validity

Question 3

__________ collects data on the same people at more than one time.

Accepted Answer

A)  longitudinal study 
B)  correlational study 
C)  archival study 
D)  experiment 
A)  longitudinal study 
B)  correlational study 
C)  archival study 
D)  experiment

Question 4

When researchers are measuring the effects of a drug, the effects are the __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  dependent variable 
B)  independent variable 
C)  confounding variable 
D)  random assignment 
A)  dependent variable 
B)  independent variable 
C)  confounding variable 
D)  random assignment

Question 5

What makes a research finding statistically significant?

Accepted Answer

A)  The probability is less than 5% that the results are due to random chance. 
B)  The researcher can determine the significance of the correlation. 
C)  The sample size is larger than 10 participants. 
D)  Multiple studies replicate the same finding. 
A)  The probability is less than 5% that the results are due to random chance. 
B)  The researcher can determine the significance of the correlation. 
C)  The sample size is larger than 10 participants. 
D)  Multiple studies replicate the same finding.

Question 6

Which correlation would generally be considered to be high and positive?

Accepted Answer

A)  .80 
B)  .10 
C)  .00 
D)  -.40 
A)  .80 
B)  .10 
C)  .00 
D)  -.40

Question 7

A questionnaire asking people to report on their own personalities, usually by rating themselves on a list of adjectives or statements, is called a __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  direct measure 
B)  naturalistic observation 
C)  case study 
D)  self-report measure 
A)  direct measure 
B)  naturalistic observation 
C)  case study 
D)  self-report measure

Question 8

Tyson has found that his scale on conscientiousness correlates well with his friend Natasha's scale on conscientiousness. This is a sign of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  convergent validity 
B)  inter-rater reliability 
C)  internal reliability 
D)  face validity 
A)  convergent validity 
B)  inter-rater reliability 
C)  internal reliability 
D)  face validity

Question 9

Annabella is considered a repressive coper. What is Annabella most likely to do when under stress?

Accepted Answer

A)  show her anxiety to the extent to which she feels it 
B)  exaggerates her anxiety to get attention from others 
C)  deny her anxiety even though she experiences it 
D)  hide her anxiety but overeat 
A)  show her anxiety to the extent to which she feels it 
B)  exaggerates her anxiety to get attention from others 
C)  deny her anxiety even though she experiences it 
D)  hide her anxiety but overeat

Question 10

Which assessment procedure involves asking someone familiar with and close to an individual to complete a questionnaire about that person?

Accepted Answer

A)  clinical interview 
B)  archival data 
C)  projective test 
D)  informant report 
A)  clinical interview 
B)  archival data 
C)  projective test 
D)  informant report

Question 11

A __________ is a measure of the amount of spread, scatter, or variability of the data around the mean.

Accepted Answer

A)  percentile score 
B)  median 
C)  standard deviation 
D)  normal distribution 
A)  percentile score 
B)  median 
C)  standard deviation 
D)  normal distribution

Question 12

Much of the time, people's scores fall into a normal distribution. What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most people score in the middle and fewer score at the extremes. 
B)  Most people's scores are exactly the same because people share so many of the same qualities. 
C)  Men score on the higher end of the scale and women score on the lower end. 
D)  Most people score at the two extremes of a scale. 
A)  Most people score in the middle and fewer score at the extremes. 
B)  Most people's scores are exactly the same because people share so many of the same qualities. 
C)  Men score on the higher end of the scale and women score on the lower end. 
D)  Most people score at the two extremes of a scale.

Question 13

Describe and give an example of a positive correlation.

Accepted Answer

A positive correlation occurs when high

Question 14

Dan and Michelle are making their research materials and data on neuroticism in middle-aged men public. They are engaging in __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  open practices 
B)  unethical research practices 
C)  many labs approach 
D)  meta-analysis 
A)  open practices 
B)  unethical research practices 
C)  many labs approach 
D)  meta-analysis

Question 15

Discuss descriptive statistics and what they reveal to a researcher. Give an example of when each type of statistic would be most useful.

Accepted Answer

A good answer would include the followin

Question 16

A correlation of .95 has been found between levels of extraversion and liking for parties. What can be concluded from this result?

Accepted Answer

A)  Being more extraverted causes people to like parties to a greater extent. 
B)  Fear of loneliness causes both high levels of extraversion and increased liking for parties. 
C)  Liking to go to parties causes people to become more extraverted. 
D)  There is a strong association between extraversion and liking for parties. 
A)  Being more extraverted causes people to like parties to a greater extent. 
B)  Fear of loneliness causes both high levels of extraversion and increased liking for parties. 
C)  Liking to go to parties causes people to become more extraverted. 
D)  There is a strong association between extraversion and liking for parties.

Question 17

Which correlation would generally be considered to be high and negative?

Accepted Answer

A)  .62 
B)  .29 
C)  .00 
D)  -.71 
A)  .62 
B)  .29 
C)  .00 
D)  -.71

Question 18

Which of the following illustrates a problem specific to self-report measures?

Accepted Answer

A)  Alisha tries to answer the questionnaire in a way that makes her look good. 
B)  Jake drops out of a study shortly after agreeing to do it. 
C)  Mark is confused by what the researchers are asking him to do. 
D)  Alex believes that she is being videotaped and starts acting weird. 
A)  Alisha tries to answer the questionnaire in a way that makes her look good. 
B)  Jake drops out of a study shortly after agreeing to do it. 
C)  Mark is confused by what the researchers are asking him to do. 
D)  Alex believes that she is being videotaped and starts acting weird.

Question 19

When researchers have participants report what they are doing at random times on the day using their cell phones, they are measuring __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  behavior 
B)  the quality of relationships 
C)  physiology 
D)  social desirability 
A)  behavior 
B)  the quality of relationships 
C)  physiology 
D)  social desirability

Question 20

__________ responding is the tendency for people to make themselves appear better than they actually are when completing a self-report measure.

Accepted Answer

A)  Acquiescent 
B)  Assimilated 
C)  Socially desirable 
D)  Reverse desirable 
A)  Acquiescent 
B)  Assimilated 
C)  Socially desirable 
D)  Reverse desirable

What is the independent variable in an experiment?

An extraversion scale is correlated with other extraversion scales. This is considered to be an example of __________.

__________ collects data on the same people at more than one time.

When researchers are measuring the effects of a drug, the effects are the __________.

What makes a research finding statistically significant?

Which correlation would generally be considered to be high and positive?

A questionnaire asking people to report on their own personalities, usually by rating themselves on a list of adjectives or statements, is called a __________.

Tyson has found that his scale on conscientiousness correlates well with his friend Natasha's scale on conscientiousness. This is a sign of __________.

Annabella is considered a repressive coper. What is Annabella most likely to do when under stress?

Which assessment procedure involves asking someone familiar with and close to an individual to complete a questionnaire about that person?

A __________ is a measure of the amount of spread, scatter, or variability of the data around the mean.

Much of the time, people's scores fall into a normal distribution. What does this mean?

Describe and give an example of a positive correlation.

Dan and Michelle are making their research materials and data on neuroticism in middle-aged men public. They are engaging in __________.

Discuss descriptive statistics and what they reveal to a researcher. Give an example of when each type of statistic would be most useful.

A correlation of .95 has been found between levels of extraversion and liking for parties. What can be concluded from this result?

Which correlation would generally be considered to be high and negative?

Which of the following illustrates a problem specific to self-report measures?

When researchers have participants report what they are doing at random times on the day using their cell phones, they are measuring __________.

__________ responding is the tendency for people to make themselves appear better than they actually are when completing a self-report measure.

Understanding Yourself and Others

The Big Five Personality Traits

Biological Underpinnings of Personality

Self-Concept and Self-Processes

Psychodynamic Approaches

Motivation

How Learning Shapes Behavior

Personality Across the Lifespan

Gender and Personality

Culture and Personality

Personality in the Workplace

Personality and Relationships

Personality and Mental Health

Personality and Physical Health

Filters

Exam 2: Assessment and Methods

What is the independent variable in an experiment?

An extraversion scale is correlated with other extraversion scales. This is considered to be an example of __________.

__________ collects data on the same people at more than one time.

When researchers are measuring the effects of a drug, the effects are the __________.

What makes a research finding statistically significant?

Which correlation would generally be considered to be high and positive?

A questionnaire asking people to report on their own personalities, usually by rating themselves on a list of adjectives or statements, is called a __________.

Tyson has found that his scale on conscientiousness correlates well with his friend Natasha's scale on conscientiousness. This is a sign of __________.

Annabella is considered a repressive coper. What is Annabella most likely to do when under stress?

Which assessment procedure involves asking someone familiar with and close to an individual to complete a questionnaire about that person?

A __________ is a measure of the amount of spread, scatter, or variability of the data around the mean.

Much of the time, people's scores fall into a normal distribution. What does this mean?

Describe and give an example of a positive correlation.

Dan and Michelle are making their research materials and data on neuroticism in middle-aged men public. They are engaging in __________.

Discuss descriptive statistics and what they reveal to a researcher. Give an example of when each type of statistic would be most useful.

A correlation of .95 has been found between levels of extraversion and liking for parties. What can be concluded from this result?

Which correlation would generally be considered to be high and negative?

Which of the following illustrates a problem specific to self-report measures?

When researchers have participants report what they are doing at random times on the day using their cell phones, they are measuring __________.

__________ responding is the tendency for people to make themselves appear better than they actually are when completing a self-report measure.

Understanding Yourself and Others

The Big Five Personality Traits

Biological Underpinnings of Personality

Self-Concept and Self-Processes

Psychodynamic Approaches

Motivation

How Learning Shapes Behavior

Personality Across the Lifespan

Gender and Personality

Culture and Personality

Personality in the Workplace

Personality and Relationships

Personality and Mental Health

Personality and Physical Health

Filters