Question 1

What is a significant limitation of self-report measures of personality?

Accepted Answer

A)  If a person is unaware of the psychological processes that underlie her or his motivations, behaviors, or feelings, those motivations, behaviors, and feelings can't accurately be reported. 
B)  There is no way to identify socially desirable or acquiescent response tendencies. 
C)  Very few self-report measures exist, so application of those measures to understanding personality on a large scale is limited. 
D)  Most people are reluctant to answer questions about themselves. 
A)  If a person is unaware of the psychological processes that underlie her or his motivations, behaviors, or feelings, those motivations, behaviors, and feelings can't accurately be reported. 
B)  There is no way to identify socially desirable or acquiescent response tendencies. 
C)  Very few self-report measures exist, so application of those measures to understanding personality on a large scale is limited. 
D)  Most people are reluctant to answer questions about themselves.

Question 2

The practice of personality __________ seeks to define personality by using a variety of methods to measure it.

Accepted Answer

A)  evaluation 
B)  interpretation 
C)  assessment 
D)  identification 
A)  evaluation 
B)  interpretation 
C)  assessment 
D)  identification

Question 3

The term statistically significant means having a probability of less than __________ that the results are due to random chance.

Accepted Answer

A)  3% 
B)  5% 
C)  8% 
D)  15% 
A)  3% 
B)  5% 
C)  8% 
D)  15%

Question 4

When is the use of informant reports particularly helpful?

Accepted Answer

A)  when a personality study is seeking to understand undesirable traits 
B)  when a personality study is seeking to find out about illegal behavior 
C)  when a personality study doesn't have the funding to conduct a self-report questionnaire 
D)  when a personality study is looking to collect biological data 
A)  when a personality study is seeking to understand undesirable traits 
B)  when a personality study is seeking to find out about illegal behavior 
C)  when a personality study doesn't have the funding to conduct a self-report questionnaire 
D)  when a personality study is looking to collect biological data

Question 5

Gunther read his horoscope in the morning newspaper: Don't turn down invitations today; your relationship with others could change. Your firmly held beliefs should be your guide. Your untapped potential will be fulfilled in unexpected ways. Remember, good things come to good people. "Yup," Gunther concluded, "that's me all right . . . good, firm, untapped." What tendency is Gunther falling prey to?

Accepted Answer

A)  the Barnum effect 
B)  low face validity 
C)  the discriminant validity effect 
D)  the social undesirability effect 
A)  the Barnum effect 
B)  low face validity 
C)  the discriminant validity effect 
D)  the social undesirability effect

Question 6

When Marlita's motivation decreases, her test scores tend to decrease. This is an example of what kind of relationship?

Accepted Answer

A)  positive correlation 
B)  negative correlation 
C)  null correlation 
D)  standard deviation 
A)  positive correlation 
B)  negative correlation 
C)  null correlation 
D)  standard deviation

Question 7

When a scale measures what it is supposed to measure, it is said to have __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  validity 
B)  internal reliability 
C)  test-retest reliability 
D)  intercoder reliability 
A)  validity 
B)  internal reliability 
C)  test-retest reliability 
D)  intercoder reliability

Question 8

What are confounding variables?

Accepted Answer

A)  variables that make it look like the two original variables are causing each other 
B)  variables that most researchers forget to consider 
C)  variables that determine when related items have a negative correlation 
D)  variables that determine when related items have a positive correlation 
A)  variables that make it look like the two original variables are causing each other 
B)  variables that most researchers forget to consider 
C)  variables that determine when related items have a negative correlation 
D)  variables that determine when related items have a positive correlation

Question 9

If a Cat Person Scale correlates very highly with a measure of IQ, it would be said to be lacking __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  discriminant validity 
B)  face validity 
C)  predictive validity 
D)  convergent validity 
A)  discriminant validity 
B)  face validity 
C)  predictive validity 
D)  convergent validity

Question 10

Under what circumstances would using a clinical interview be a desirable method of gathering information about an individual?

Accepted Answer

A)  when large groups of respondents are being measured simultaneously 
B)  when internal reliability needs to be established 
C)  when the person being evaluated is likely to have extreme or disordered levels of a personality characteristic 
D)  when the researcher is trying to establish discriminant validity for the scale or questionnaire being used 
A)  when large groups of respondents are being measured simultaneously 
B)  when internal reliability needs to be established 
C)  when the person being evaluated is likely to have extreme or disordered levels of a personality characteristic 
D)  when the researcher is trying to establish discriminant validity for the scale or questionnaire being used

Question 11

What does correlation measure?

Accepted Answer

A)  the statistical relationship between two variables 
B)  the acquiescence response set 
C)  the average score 
D)  internal validity 
A)  the statistical relationship between two variables 
B)  the acquiescence response set 
C)  the average score 
D)  internal validity

Question 12

Mei Ling has a high percentile score on the Marlowe-Crowne questionnaire. What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mei Ling has a higher need for approval than most people do. 
B)  Mei Ling has a lower need for approval than most people do. 
C)  Mei Ling has a higher degree of extraversion than most people do. 
D)  Mei Ling has a lower degree of extraversion than most people do. 
A)  Mei Ling has a higher need for approval than most people do. 
B)  Mei Ling has a lower need for approval than most people do. 
C)  Mei Ling has a higher degree of extraversion than most people do. 
D)  Mei Ling has a lower degree of extraversion than most people do.

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of a self-report measure?

Accepted Answer

A)  having people fill out a questionnaire to describe themselves 
B)  having researchers observe and assess participants in a study 
C)  having researchers study documents that a person wrote 
D)  having people react to strenuous situations 
A)  having people fill out a questionnaire to describe themselves 
B)  having researchers observe and assess participants in a study 
C)  having researchers study documents that a person wrote 
D)  having people react to strenuous situations

Question 14

An extraneous variable that affects the primary variables in a study and makes it appear as if those primary variables are causing one another to happen is called a __________ variable.

Accepted Answer

A)  confounding 
B)  independent 
C)  dependent 
D)  random 
A)  confounding 
B)  independent 
C)  dependent 
D)  random

Question 15

Melissa has just completed her research analysis and the findings of her study are very similar to a different study measuring the same thing. This is an example of _____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  replication 
B)  meta-analysis 
C)  a many labs approach 
D)  test-retest reliability 
A)  replication 
B)  meta-analysis 
C)  a many labs approach 
D)  test-retest reliability

Question 16

The score that appears most often in a set of measurements is called the __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  median 
B)  mode 
C)  mean 
D)  standard deviation 
A)  median 
B)  mode 
C)  mean 
D)  standard deviation

Question 17

Why is it important to consider the nature of what is being measured when interpreting a test-retest reliability correlation?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is no agreed-on standard for how high test-retest reliability correlations should be. 
B)  Stable personality dimensions should show greater test-retest reliability than changeable, unstable personality attributes. 
C)  The time interval between administrations is always constant; therefore, any degree of change is due to the nature of what is being measured. 
D)  The consistency of most measures of personality dimensions can't be assessed using test-retest reliability. 
A)  There is no agreed-on standard for how high test-retest reliability correlations should be. 
B)  Stable personality dimensions should show greater test-retest reliability than changeable, unstable personality attributes. 
C)  The time interval between administrations is always constant; therefore, any degree of change is due to the nature of what is being measured. 
D)  The consistency of most measures of personality dimensions can't be assessed using test-retest reliability.

Question 18

Which of these response options represents a Likert scale?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rank your preferences from highest to lowest. 
B)  Yes/No 
C)  Please circle True or False. 
D)  1 (strongly disagree), 2 (disagree), 3 (neutral), 4 (agree), 5 (strongly agree) 
A)  Rank your preferences from highest to lowest. 
B)  Yes/No 
C)  Please circle True or False. 
D)  1 (strongly disagree), 2 (disagree), 3 (neutral), 4 (agree), 5 (strongly agree)

Question 19

The standard deviation measures the spread around the __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  mean 
B)  mode 
C)  median 
D)  percentile score 
A)  mean 
B)  mode 
C)  median 
D)  percentile score

Question 20

Which correlation shows the strongest degree of association between two variables?

Accepted Answer

A)  .72 
B)  .34 
C)  -.58 
D)  -.91 
A)  .72 
B)  .34 
C)  -.58 
D)  -.91

What is a significant limitation of self-report measures of personality?

The practice of personality __________ seeks to define personality by using a variety of methods to measure it.

The term statistically significant means having a probability of less than __________ that the results are due to random chance.

When is the use of informant reports particularly helpful?

When Marlita's motivation decreases, her test scores tend to decrease. This is an example of what kind of relationship?

When a scale measures what it is supposed to measure, it is said to have __________.

What are confounding variables?

If a Cat Person Scale correlates very highly with a measure of IQ, it would be said to be lacking __________.

Under what circumstances would using a clinical interview be a desirable method of gathering information about an individual?

What does correlation measure?

Mei Ling has a high percentile score on the Marlowe-Crowne questionnaire. What does this indicate?

Which of the following is an example of a self-report measure?

An extraneous variable that affects the primary variables in a study and makes it appear as if those primary variables are causing one another to happen is called a __________ variable.

Melissa has just completed her research analysis and the findings of her study are very similar to a different study measuring the same thing. This is an example of _____________.

The score that appears most often in a set of measurements is called the __________.

Why is it important to consider the nature of what is being measured when interpreting a test-retest reliability correlation?

Which of these response options represents a Likert scale?

The standard deviation measures the spread around the __________.

Which correlation shows the strongest degree of association between two variables?

Understanding Yourself and Others

The Big Five Personality Traits

Biological Underpinnings of Personality

Self-Concept and Self-Processes

Psychodynamic Approaches

Motivation

How Learning Shapes Behavior

Personality Across the Lifespan

Gender and Personality

Culture and Personality

Personality in the Workplace

Personality and Relationships

Personality and Mental Health

Personality and Physical Health

Filters

Exam 2: Assessment and Methods

What is a significant limitation of self-report measures of personality?

The practice of personality __________ seeks to define personality by using a variety of methods to measure it.

The term statistically significant means having a probability of less than __________ that the results are due to random chance.

When is the use of informant reports particularly helpful?

When Marlita's motivation decreases, her test scores tend to decrease. This is an example of what kind of relationship?

When a scale measures what it is supposed to measure, it is said to have __________.

What are confounding variables?

If a Cat Person Scale correlates very highly with a measure of IQ, it would be said to be lacking __________.

Under what circumstances would using a clinical interview be a desirable method of gathering information about an individual?

What does correlation measure?

Mei Ling has a high percentile score on the Marlowe-Crowne questionnaire. What does this indicate?

Which of the following is an example of a self-report measure?

An extraneous variable that affects the primary variables in a study and makes it appear as if those primary variables are causing one another to happen is called a __________ variable.

Melissa has just completed her research analysis and the findings of her study are very similar to a different study measuring the same thing. This is an example of _____________.

The score that appears most often in a set of measurements is called the __________.

Why is it important to consider the nature of what is being measured when interpreting a test-retest reliability correlation?

Which of these response options represents a Likert scale?

The standard deviation measures the spread around the __________.

Which correlation shows the strongest degree of association between two variables?

Understanding Yourself and Others

The Big Five Personality Traits

Biological Underpinnings of Personality

Self-Concept and Self-Processes

Psychodynamic Approaches

Motivation

How Learning Shapes Behavior

Personality Across the Lifespan

Gender and Personality

Culture and Personality

Personality in the Workplace

Personality and Relationships

Personality and Mental Health

Personality and Physical Health

Filters