Question 1

__________ are intense fears of a specific thing.

Accepted Answer

A)  Habits 
B)  Phobias 
C)  Generalizations 
D)  Reinforcements 
A)  Habits 
B)  Phobias 
C)  Generalizations 
D)  Reinforcements B

Question 2

Which researcher conducted groundbreaking experiments on operant conditioning using animals to investigate the application of positive reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A)  Carl Rogers 
B)  Ivan Pavlov 
C)  Abraham Maslow 
D)  B. F. Skinner 
A)  Carl Rogers 
B)  Ivan Pavlov 
C)  Abraham Maslow 
D)  B. F. Skinner D

Question 3

What would you predict about Little Albert based on the principle of spontaneous recovery?

Accepted Answer

A)  Even after his fear of a rat was extinguished, the fear could come back. 
B)  After his fear of loud noises was extinguished, the fear could come back. 
C)  His fear of rats would disappear if he saw a rat without hearing a loud noise. 
D)  His fear of loud noises would disappear if he heard a loud noise without a rat present. 
A)  Even after his fear of a rat was extinguished, the fear could come back. 
B)  After his fear of loud noises was extinguished, the fear could come back. 
C)  His fear of rats would disappear if he saw a rat without hearing a loud noise. 
D)  His fear of loud noises would disappear if he heard a loud noise without a rat present. A

Question 4

How would the process of negative reinforcement encourage a person to use sunblock when heading to the beach?

Accepted Answer

A good answer would include the followin

Question 5

What is the difference between a continuous reinforcement schedule and a partial reinforcement schedule?

Accepted Answer

A continuous reinforcement sch

Question 6

Spencer has been naughty all day long, and his parents finally give him a time-out. What operant conditioning principle are they employing?

Accepted Answer

A)  negative punishment 
B)  positive punishment 
C)  negative reinforcement 
D)  positive reinforcement 
A)  negative punishment 
B)  positive punishment 
C)  negative reinforcement 
D)  positive reinforcement

Question 7

The decisions people think about and make every day based on past experiences are called __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  expectancies 
B)  conditions 
C)  dilemmas 
D)  crises 
A)  expectancies 
B)  conditions 
C)  dilemmas 
D)  crises

Question 8

Billy receives all A's on his report card. His parents buy him the video game that he has been asking for. This is an example of a __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  negative reinforcement 
B)  positive punishment 
C)  positive reinforcement 
D)  negative punishment 
A)  negative reinforcement 
B)  positive punishment 
C)  positive reinforcement 
D)  negative punishment

Question 9

What is a token economy?

Accepted Answer

A token economy is a program i

Question 10

What is "reciprocal" about reciprocal determinism?

Accepted Answer

A good answer would include the followin

Question 11

The partial reinforcement schedule that involves giving out a reward after a certain amount of time has passed is known as __________ reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed-ratio 
B)  variable-ratio 
C)  fixed-interval 
D)  variable-interval 
A)  fixed-ratio 
B)  variable-ratio 
C)  fixed-interval 
D)  variable-interval

Question 12

According to the principles of reciprocal determinism, how are personality and behavior related?

Accepted Answer

A)  Personality causes behavior to happen. 
B)  Personality affects behavior but only through the intercession of the environment. 
C)  Personality influences behavior, and behavior helps shape personality. 
D)  Behavior produces personality. 
A)  Personality causes behavior to happen. 
B)  Personality affects behavior but only through the intercession of the environment. 
C)  Personality influences behavior, and behavior helps shape personality. 
D)  Behavior produces personality.

Question 13

Which statement is true about operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Neither partial nor continuous reinforcement leads to behaviors that will persist for long periods of time. 
B)  Continuous reinforcement leads to behaviors that will persist longer than behavior learned through partial or intermittent reinforcement. 
C)  Partial reinforcement leads to behaviors that will persist longer than behavior learned through continuous reinforcement. 
D)  Continuous reinforcement and partial reinforcement lead to behaviors that persist for equally long periods of time. 
A)  Neither partial nor continuous reinforcement leads to behaviors that will persist for long periods of time. 
B)  Continuous reinforcement leads to behaviors that will persist longer than behavior learned through partial or intermittent reinforcement. 
C)  Partial reinforcement leads to behaviors that will persist longer than behavior learned through continuous reinforcement. 
D)  Continuous reinforcement and partial reinforcement lead to behaviors that persist for equally long periods of time.

Question 14

__________ reinforcement is the partial reinforcement schedule in which a reward is given out after a random number of behaviors has occurred.

Accepted Answer

A)  Fixed-ratio 
B)  Variable-ratio 
C)  Fixed-interval 
D)  Variable-interval 
A)  Fixed-ratio 
B)  Variable-ratio 
C)  Fixed-interval 
D)  Variable-interval

Question 15

__________ is the general term for shaping behavior through rewards and punishments.

Accepted Answer

A)  Operant conditioning 
B)  Classical conditioning 
C)  Social conditioning 
D)  Physical conditioning 
A)  Operant conditioning 
B)  Classical conditioning 
C)  Social conditioning 
D)  Physical conditioning

Question 16

How can classical conditioning principles be applied to getting a better night's sleep?

Accepted Answer

A good answer would include the followin

Question 17

Who discovered the basic principles of classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Albert Bandura 
B)  John B. Watson 
C)  Edward Thorndike 
D)  Ivan Pavlov 
A)  Albert Bandura 
B)  John B. Watson 
C)  Edward Thorndike 
D)  Ivan Pavlov

Question 18

When something bad is taken away but a desired behavior is nonetheless rewarded, the process of __________ has occurred.

Accepted Answer

A)  negative reinforcement 
B)  positive reinforcement 
C)  positive punishment 
D)  negative punishment 
A)  negative reinforcement 
B)  positive reinforcement 
C)  positive punishment 
D)  negative punishment

Question 19

In the Little Albert experiment, the fear-producing stimulus used as a UCS was the __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  white rat 
B)  loud noise 
C)  fear of the rat 
D)  fear of the noise 
A)  white rat 
B)  loud noise 
C)  fear of the rat 
D)  fear of the noise

Question 20

Which of the following is the best definition of behavior modification?

Accepted Answer

A)  practical application of operant conditioning to improve behavior 
B)  practical application of classical conditioning to improve behavior 
C)  practical application of negative punishment to improve behavior 
D)  practical application of negative reinforcement to improve behavior 
A)  practical application of operant conditioning to improve behavior 
B)  practical application of classical conditioning to improve behavior 
C)  practical application of negative punishment to improve behavior 
D)  practical application of negative reinforcement to improve behavior

__________ are intense fears of a specific thing.

Which researcher conducted groundbreaking experiments on operant conditioning using animals to investigate the application of positive reinforcement?

What would you predict about Little Albert based on the principle of spontaneous recovery?

How would the process of negative reinforcement encourage a person to use sunblock when heading to the beach?

What is the difference between a continuous reinforcement schedule and a partial reinforcement schedule?

Spencer has been naughty all day long, and his parents finally give him a time-out. What operant conditioning principle are they employing?

The decisions people think about and make every day based on past experiences are called __________.

Billy receives all A's on his report card. His parents buy him the video game that he has been asking for. This is an example of a __________.

What is a token economy?

What is "reciprocal" about reciprocal determinism?

The partial reinforcement schedule that involves giving out a reward after a certain amount of time has passed is known as __________ reinforcement.

According to the principles of reciprocal determinism, how are personality and behavior related?

Which statement is true about operant conditioning?

__________ reinforcement is the partial reinforcement schedule in which a reward is given out after a random number of behaviors has occurred.

__________ is the general term for shaping behavior through rewards and punishments.

How can classical conditioning principles be applied to getting a better night's sleep?

Who discovered the basic principles of classical conditioning?

When something bad is taken away but a desired behavior is nonetheless rewarded, the process of __________ has occurred.

In the Little Albert experiment, the fear-producing stimulus used as a UCS was the __________.

Which of the following is the best definition of behavior modification?

Understanding Yourself and Others

Assessment and Methods

The Big Five Personality Traits

Biological Underpinnings of Personality

Self-Concept and Self-Processes

Psychodynamic Approaches

Motivation

Personality Across the Lifespan

Gender and Personality

Culture and Personality

Personality in the Workplace

Personality and Relationships

Personality and Mental Health

Personality and Physical Health

Filters

Exam 8: How Learning Shapes Behavior

__________ are intense fears of a specific thing.

Which researcher conducted groundbreaking experiments on operant conditioning using animals to investigate the application of positive reinforcement?

What would you predict about Little Albert based on the principle of spontaneous recovery?

How would the process of negative reinforcement encourage a person to use sunblock when heading to the beach?

What is the difference between a continuous reinforcement schedule and a partial reinforcement schedule?

Spencer has been naughty all day long, and his parents finally give him a time-out. What operant conditioning principle are they employing?

The decisions people think about and make every day based on past experiences are called __________.

Billy receives all A's on his report card. His parents buy him the video game that he has been asking for. This is an example of a __________.

What is a token economy?

What is "reciprocal" about reciprocal determinism?

The partial reinforcement schedule that involves giving out a reward after a certain amount of time has passed is known as __________ reinforcement.

According to the principles of reciprocal determinism, how are personality and behavior related?

Which statement is true about operant conditioning?

__________ reinforcement is the partial reinforcement schedule in which a reward is given out after a random number of behaviors has occurred.

__________ is the general term for shaping behavior through rewards and punishments.

How can classical conditioning principles be applied to getting a better night's sleep?

Who discovered the basic principles of classical conditioning?

When something bad is taken away but a desired behavior is nonetheless rewarded, the process of __________ has occurred.

In the Little Albert experiment, the fear-producing stimulus used as a UCS was the __________.

Which of the following is the best definition of behavior modification?

Understanding Yourself and Others

Assessment and Methods

The Big Five Personality Traits

Biological Underpinnings of Personality

Self-Concept and Self-Processes

Psychodynamic Approaches

Motivation

Personality Across the Lifespan

Gender and Personality

Culture and Personality

Personality in the Workplace

Personality and Relationships

Personality and Mental Health

Personality and Physical Health

Filters