Exam 9: Cognition and Intelligence

The __________ fallacy is a phenomenon that causes people to believe that additional information increase the probability that a statement is true,even though that probability actually decreased.

__________ is the act of combining current information with information stored in memory to find a solution to a task.

What does IQ stand for?

Research has demonstrated all but which of the following with regard to people who speak more than one language?

Martha has lost her keys.She looks in her purse,only to find that they are not there.She looks in various places - rooms of her house,cushions of the sofa,even in the refrigerator - but she keeps coming back to her purse to make sure that the keys are not there.Martha's tendency to solve the problem using a successful past solution is an example of __________.

The general term "hindsight is 20/20" is a good way of summarizing the hindsight bias.

The concept of __________ choice theory suggests that people make important decisions only after considering the possible pros and cons of each possible course of action.

Robert Sternberg suggested that there are eight different types of intelligence in each human being,although each individual has his or her own combination of strengths and weaknesses.

When people actively seek out information to support their beliefs while ignoring data that refutes their beliefs,they are engaging in the availability heuristic.

When a person is trying to decide what to do or how to act,they are engaging in _________ reasoning.

The study of __________ consists of examining the mental activities associated with sensation,perception,thinking,knowing,remembering,and communicating.

Why was the study of cognition generally dismissed or ignored prior to the 1950s?

Researchers have found that the higher a person's intelligence is,the less need that person has for the process of central executive functioning in the brain.

The __________ bias describes the effect that occurs when a person's existing ways of thinking distort his or her logical decisions.

Which of the following is one of the eight multiple intelligences proposed by Howard Gardner?

Scott is very convinced that all Jewish individuals are very cheap,and he is not afraid to share his views with other people.As he drives to the hospital to visit a cousin who has recently had surgery,he remains completely oblivious to the fact that his cousin is staying in the "Steinberg Cancer Center," which was made possible by the donation of a Jewish family.Scott's tendency to ignore evidence that contradicts his beliefs while actively seeking out information to support them is called the __________ bias.

Research finds that strong central __________ functioning,the set of mental processes that governs goals,strategies,and coordination of the mind's activities,is related to higher intelligence.

Randi loves to cook,but unfortunately she finds herself almost incapable of creating meals by just "throwing together" different ingredients.She requires a recipe to make her dishes,and she follows those recipes precisely as written.According to Robert Sternberg,which type of intelligence does Randi fail to demonstrate her cooking skills?

Which part of the brain is responsible for helping us adhere to social and behavioral roles,as well as helping us to link our behaviors to their potential consequences?

Last week,Dr.Diop gave her Multicultural Psychology class an exam that tested their mastery of the information she had presented for the first half of the course.This type of test,one that measures knowledge and progress,is called a(n)__________ test.