Exam 7: Learning

The development of superstitions is usually a result of __________.

Which of the following is true about the relationship of the conditioned response (CR)to the unconditioned response (UR)?

Instinctive __________ is the tendency for an organism to revert to instinctive behaviors after being trained to have new behaviors.

According to __________ law,memory loss following brain damage affects recent memories to a greater extent than remote memories.

How long has it been since you rode a bicycle? 5 years? 10 years? Do you remember how to properly shift gears? Do you remember that you shouldn't shift gears unless you are actively pedaling at the same time? If you forgot some of these basics,but then got on a bicycle,you might find that the old principles of riding a bicycle would come back to you much faster than the first time you learned to ride a bicycle.This is known as __________.

Professor Kaikai often tells his students that "repetition is the mother of retention,so make sure to study the material we discuss in class repeatedly,and you will do better on the next exam! Trust me,what took you an hour to learn today will only take you 20 minutes to re-learn tonight,but only if you make sure to study!" Professor Kaikai is attempting to use the learning principle of __________ to assist his students' study skills.

Awanatu works at a bowling alley snack bar.She slings hot dogs and pizza for six hours a night each weekend,even though she really hates the work.When her mother asks her why she keeps the job,she says "Well,it doesn't really take much effort,the pay is alright,and the tips are great."Awanatu is clearly staying at her job because of __________ motivation.

Which type of learning was inspired by the work of Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov?

Trace conditioning occurs when a conditioned stimulus is discontinued before the unconditioned stimulus is presented.

What was the main task for children involved in Albert Bandura's classic experiment on observational learning?

Mirror neurons are those that exist in the eyes,and help us learn by creating a dual image of all visual stimuli for the cerebrum to interpret.

Which of the following processes occurs within a few hours of learning a new bit of information?

You wake up at 3 in the morning with a mouth as dry as dirt! You want to go down to the kitchen to get a glass of milk,but do not want to wake up everyone in the house by turning on the lights.Even though you're walking in the dark,you are able to get to the kitchen without too much risk because you have a _________ of the layout of your house.

A __________ map is a mental representation of an environment.

In many rural areas of the United States of America,salt licks are placed in the wilderness so that animals can ingest nutrients that are vital to their health and survival.The fact that these animals instinctively know to go to these areas to feed at the salt licks demonstrates that

A standard Las Vegas slot machine does not have any set number of times it must be played before it pays out.You might win on your first try,you might win on your fifth try,or you might not win at all! This is an example of a __________ schedule of partial reinforcement.

After Pavlov trained his dogs to respond to the sound of a bell by salivating,he might have decided to show the dogs a striped handkerchief each time he rang the bell.Eventually,the handkerchief would have been able to cause the dogs to salivate,even if the bell was not sounded.This is an example of _________ conditioning.

If Ivan Pavlov rang a bell while putting a bowl of food on the floor in front of his dogs,this would be an example of __________ conditioning.

The process of __________ consolidation involves morphological changes that help stabilize memories within a few hours after learning.

The term "reinforcer" is synonymous with "reward."