Exam 7: Problem Formulation

Correct Answer:

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Operationally defining the concept of a child's school adjustment can be done in three ways: self-report, direct observation, and available records. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages.

Self-report: This can be done by asking the child to provide information about their own school adjustment, such as their feelings about school, their relationships with peers and teachers, and their academic performance. The advantage of this method is that it provides insights directly from the child, allowing for a more subjective understanding of their adjustment. However, the disadvantage is that children may not always accurately report their experiences or may not have the self-awareness to accurately assess their own adjustment.

Direct observation: This involves observing the child in the school environment, including their interactions with peers and teachers, their behavior in the classroom, and their overall demeanor. The advantage of this method is that it provides a more objective assessment of the child's school adjustment, as it is based on observable behaviors. However, the disadvantage is that it may not capture the child's internal experiences or feelings about school.

Available records: This method involves reviewing existing records such as academic grades, attendance records, disciplinary reports, and teacher evaluations. The advantage of this method is that it provides concrete data on the child's school adjustment, allowing for a more comprehensive understanding. However, the disadvantage is that it may not capture the child's full range of experiences and may not reflect their true adjustment.

In conclusion, each method of operationally defining a child's school adjustment has its own strengths and limitations. Combining multiple methods may provide a more comprehensive understanding of the child's adjustment in school.