Question 1

An increase in the permeability of the cells of the collecting tubule to water is due to an) .

Accepted Answer

A) increase in the production of aldosterone 
B) increase in the production of ADH 
C) decrease in the concentration of the blood plasma 
D) decrease in the production of ADH 
A) increase in the production of aldosterone 
B) increase in the production of ADH 
C) decrease in the concentration of the blood plasma 
D) decrease in the production of ADH

Question 2

Tubular reabsorption .

Accepted Answer

A) includes substances such as creatinine 
B) is a way for the body to get rid of unwanted waste 
C) by active mechanisms usually involves movement against an electrical and/or chemical gradient 
D) by passive processes requires ATP to move solutes from the interior of the tubule to the blood 
A) includes substances such as creatinine 
B) is a way for the body to get rid of unwanted waste 
C) by active mechanisms usually involves movement against an electrical and/or chemical gradient 
D) by passive processes requires ATP to move solutes from the interior of the tubule to the blood

Question 3

The factor favoring filtrate formation at the glomerulus is the .

Accepted Answer

A) colloid osmotic pressure of the blood 
B) myogenic mechanism 
C) capsular hydrostatic pressure 
D) glomerular hydrostatic pressure 
A) colloid osmotic pressure of the blood 
B) myogenic mechanism 
C) capsular hydrostatic pressure 
D) glomerular hydrostatic pressure

Question 4

Which of the choices below is the salt level- monitoring part of the nephron?

Accepted Answer

A) macula densa 
B) principal cell 
C) loop of Henle 
D) vasa recta 
A) macula densa 
B) principal cell 
C) loop of Henle 
D) vasa recta

Question 5

The artery lies on the boundary between the cortex and medulla of the kidney.

Accepted Answer

A) lobar 
B) interlobar 
C) arcuate 
D) cortical radiate 
A) lobar 
B) interlobar 
C) arcuate 
D) cortical radiate

Question 6

Select the correct statement about the nephrons.

Accepted Answer

A) Filtration slits are the pores that give fenestrated capillaries their name. 
B) Podocytes are the branching epithelial cells that line the tubules of the nephron. 
C) The parietal layer of the glomerular capsule is simple squamous epithelium. 
D) The glomerulus is correctly described as the proximal end of the proximal convoluted tubule. 
A) Filtration slits are the pores that give fenestrated capillaries their name. 
B) Podocytes are the branching epithelial cells that line the tubules of the nephron. 
C) The parietal layer of the glomerular capsule is simple squamous epithelium. 
D) The glomerulus is correctly described as the proximal end of the proximal convoluted tubule.

Question 7

Which of the choices below is not a method by which the cells of the renal tubules can raise blood pH?

Accepted Answer

A) by secreting sodium ions 
B) by producing new bicarbonate ions 
C) by secreting hydrogen ions into the filtrate 
D) by reabsorbing filtered bicarbonate ions 
A) by secreting sodium ions 
B) by producing new bicarbonate ions 
C) by secreting hydrogen ions into the filtrate 
D) by reabsorbing filtered bicarbonate ions

Question 8

List and describe three pressures operating at the filtration membrane,and explain how each influences net filtration pressure.

Accepted Answer

Glomerular hydrostatic pressure is the c

Question 9

The mechanism that establishes the medullary osmotic gradient depends most on the permeability properties of the .

Accepted Answer

A) glomerular filtration membrane 
B) loop of Henle 
C) distal convoluted tubule 
D) collecting duct 
A) glomerular filtration membrane 
B) loop of Henle 
C) distal convoluted tubule 
D) collecting duct

Question 10

The filtration membrane includes all except .

Accepted Answer

A) renal fascia 
B) basement membrane 
C) glomerular endothelium 
D) podocytes 
A) renal fascia 
B) basement membrane 
C) glomerular endothelium 
D) podocytes

Question 11

If the Tm for a particular amino acid is 120 mg/100 ml and the concentration of that amino acid in the blood is 230 mg/100 ml,the amino acid will .

Accepted Answer

A) be reabsorbed by secondary active transport 
B) appear in the urine 
C) be completely reabsorbed by the tubule cells 
D) be actively secreted into the filtrate 
A) be reabsorbed by secondary active transport 
B) appear in the urine 
C) be completely reabsorbed by the tubule cells 
D) be actively secreted into the filtrate

Question 12

The function of angiotensin II is to .

Accepted Answer

A) decrease arterial blood pressure 
B) decrease water absorption 
C) decrease the production of aldosterone 
D) constrict arterioles and increase blood pressure 
A) decrease arterial blood pressure 
B) decrease water absorption 
C) decrease the production of aldosterone 
D) constrict arterioles and increase blood pressure

Question 13

Freshly voided urine has very little smell,but shortly after voiding it can give off a very strong smell.Why?

Accepted Answer

Freshly voided urine is relatively steri

Question 14

The fatty tissue surrounding the kidneys is important because it .

Accepted Answer

A) produces vitamin D 
B) ensures adequate energy for the adrenal glands to operate efficiently 
C) stabilizes the position of the kidneys by holding them in their normal position 
D) is necessary as a barrier between the adrenal glands and kidneys 
A) produces vitamin D 
B) ensures adequate energy for the adrenal glands to operate efficiently 
C) stabilizes the position of the kidneys by holding them in their normal position 
D) is necessary as a barrier between the adrenal glands and kidneys

Question 15

Most electrolyte reabsorption by the renal tubules is .

Accepted Answer

A) not Tm limited 
B) completed by the time the loop of Henle is reached 
C) in the distal convoluted tubule 
D) hormonally controlled in distal tubule segments 
A) not Tm limited 
B) completed by the time the loop of Henle is reached 
C) in the distal convoluted tubule 
D) hormonally controlled in distal tubule segments

Question 16

Which of the following is not a part of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

Accepted Answer

A) macula densa 
B) granular cells 
C) podocyte cells 
D) mesangial cells 
A) macula densa 
B) granular cells 
C) podocyte cells 
D) mesangial cells

Question 17

Humans can survive for a period of time without water thanks to the ability of the kidneys to produce concentrated urine.Briefly explain the factors that allow this to happen.

Accepted Answer

Facultative water reabsorption depends o

Question 18

The renal corpuscle is made up of .

Accepted Answer

A) the renal papilla 
B) the descending loop of Henle 
C) the renal pyramid 
D) Bowman's capsule and glomerulus 
A) the renal papilla 
B) the descending loop of Henle 
C) the renal pyramid 
D) Bowman's capsule and glomerulus

Question 19

The macula densa cells respond to _.

Accepted Answer

A) changes in solute content of the filtrate 
B) aldosterone 
C) antidiuretic hormone 
D) changes in pressure in the tubule 
A) changes in solute content of the filtrate 
B) aldosterone 
C) antidiuretic hormone 
D) changes in pressure in the tubule

Question 20

Excretion of dilute urine requires _ .

Accepted Answer

A) impermeability of the collecting tubule to water 
B) the presence of ADH 
C) transport of sodium and chloride ions out of the descending loop of Henle 
D) relative permeability of the distal tubule to water 
A) impermeability of the collecting tubule to water 
B) the presence of ADH 
C) transport of sodium and chloride ions out of the descending loop of Henle 
D) relative permeability of the distal tubule to water

Exam 24: The Urinary System

An increase in the permeability of the cells of the collecting tubule to water is due to an) .

Tubular reabsorption .

The factor favoring filtrate formation at the glomerulus is the .

Which of the choices below is the salt level- monitoring part of the nephron?

The artery lies on the boundary between the cortex and medulla of the kidney.

Select the correct statement about the nephrons.

Which of the choices below is not a method by which the cells of the renal tubules can raise blood pH?

List and describe three pressures operating at the filtration membrane,and explain how each influences net filtration pressure.

The mechanism that establishes the medullary osmotic gradient depends most on the permeability properties of the .

The filtration membrane includes all except .

If the Tm for a particular amino acid is 120 mg/100 ml and the concentration of that amino acid in the blood is 230 mg/100 ml,the amino acid will .

The function of angiotensin II is to .

Freshly voided urine has very little smell,but shortly after voiding it can give off a very strong smell.Why?

The fatty tissue surrounding the kidneys is important because it .

Most electrolyte reabsorption by the renal tubules is .

Which of the following is not a part of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

Humans can survive for a period of time without water thanks to the ability of the kidneys to produce concentrated urine.Briefly explain the factors that allow this to happen.

The renal corpuscle is made up of .

The macula densa cells respond to _.

Excretion of dilute urine requires _ .

The Human Body: an Orientation

Chemistry Comes Alive

Cells: the Living Units

Tissues: the Living Fabric

The Integumentary System

Bones and Skeletal Tissues

The Skeleton

Joints

Muscles and Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System and Reflex Activity

The Autonomic Nervous System

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Cardiovascular System: the Heart

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels

The Lymphatic System and Lymphoid Organs and Tissues

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Nutrition,metabolism,and Body Temperature Regulation

Fluid,electrolyte,and Acid-Based Balance

The Reproductive System

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