Exam 9: The Fundamentals of Research Methodology

Any time a variable has been controlled, it has presumed to be

In experimental research, the independent variable is

If the population of registered voters in a given district were to be rank-ordered on the basis of socio-economic status. the data form would be

Questions below are based on the following simulation: A researcher attempted to discover if the amount of learned material retained by first-grade children was a function of the mode by which the material was presented. Two first-grade classes are selected, Miss Emily McKenna's class and 142 Miss Clair Keating's class. The study began at 9 AM on a Monday morning. By a flip of a coin, Mrs. Vivian's class was chosen to receive a visual presentation, whereas in Miss McKenna's class an auditory presentation of the same material was used. One hour later, the two groups were compared regarding the amount of material that was retained. -The research procedure in this case illustrates the

An experiment which is high in internal validity is usually relatively free of the effects of confounding variables.

When the design of an experiment is such that the influence of the independent variable can be unambiguously interpreted, the experiment is said to be high in

In the following questions, you are to identify the alternative which is NOT appropriately grouped with the others

In a matched-subjects design

Questions below will be bases on the following study: A researcher wishes to test whether the drug, magnesium pemoline, has any influence on intelligence. Two groups of subjects are randomly selected from the population of Omega University students. Group A is given the magnesium pemoline and then tested on the Stanford-Binet IQ test. Group B is given a placebo and, then, also tested on the Stanford-Binet. Both groups are tested under identical environmental conditions. -If the IQ scores in Group A had been significantly higher than those in Group B, we may conclude that

An example of a subject-assigned independent variable would be

When the researcher is unable to examine the pure effects of the independent variable, then the independent variable is said to be

Interval data require that there be an equal distance between successive scale points.

When doing human-research studies on the long-term effects of growth and development, it is best to use

Nominal data can always be converted into

A study designed to test the effect of a prison education program on recidivism, would have recidivism as the independent variable.

One should not infer a direct cause-and-effect relationship when the research method is

Questions below will be based on the following: A researcher was interested in discovering whether attitude changes can be more effectively brought about when persons are made to feel part of the decision making process. A group of women was selected and randomly assigned to one of two groups, one group being placed in a large lecture hall, and the other in a small discussion-group setting. In the lecture setting, a speaker exhorted the women to use less expensive cuts of meat, whereas in the small-group setting a different group leader, although raising the same issues as the lecture had, also encouraged the subjects to participate in the discussion and offer suggestions, Several weeks later both groups of women were checked at home to determine whether they were indeed using the meat cuts which had been urged. Only 3% of the lecture group members had the meat cuts, whereas 32% of the discussion group members had the meat cuts. The difference was clearly significant. -Whether the women were subjected to the lecture method or the group discussion method, defined the

When a t test is applied to experimental research data, the groups are being compared with regard to their performances on the

When it is assumed that information about the X variable may be used to predict the Y variable, then the X variable is

In a study on the effects of TV violence on viewer aggressiveness, the dependent variable would be the