Exam 9: The Fundamentals of Research Methodology

Whenever we are presented with "nose-counting" data, such as how many persons are registered as republicans versus those registered as democrats, the data form is

The best way to distinguish between experimental and post-facto research is to discover whether

The problem of pre-test sensitization is most acute in the

Ordinal data provide information regarding greater than of less than, but not how much greater of less.

In any antecedent-consequent relationship, the dependent variable

Of all the measurement scales covered in this chapter, the one containing the most information is the

Questions below will be based on the following: A researcher wishes to test the hypothesis that intelligence is a sex-linked characteristic. A random sample of 1000 women is selected and given IQ tests. Similarly, a random sample of 1000 men is selected and also given IQ tests. The mean IQ's of the two groups are compared and the difference is found to be significantly in favor of the females. -When the experimental method has been used, and a significant difference is established between the means of two sample groups, then it is highly probable that

With interval data, we can say everything except

When using the post-facto method, one may test the hypothesis of

A study which produces large amounts of secondary variance will probably be found to be extremely low in

Measurement is the assigning of numbers to observations according to certain rules.

Questions below will be based on the following: A researcher was interested in discovering whether attitude changes can be more effectively brought about when persons are made to feel part of the decision making process. A group of women was selected and randomly assigned to one of two groups, one group being placed in a large lecture hall, and the other in a small discussion-group setting. In the lecture setting, a speaker exhorted the women to use less expensive cuts of meat, whereas in the small-group setting a different group leader, although raising the same issues as the lecture had, also encouraged the subjects to participate in the discussion and offer suggestions, Several weeks later both groups of women were checked at home to determine whether they were indeed using the meat cuts which had been urged. Only 3% of the lecture group members had the meat cuts, whereas 32% of the discussion group members had the meat cuts. The difference was clearly significant. -The research method involved was

When doing experimental research, if the sample groups are not formed on the basis of the subjects' having been randomly assigned, then, of the following, which design could be used?

In experimental research, whenever extraneous influences cause changes on the dependent variable, then

If it is known that X is greater than Y, and that is all that is known, then the measurement scale must be

With the matched-subjects design, the subjects are equated on some variable which is assumed to have a possible influence on the

When subjects are measured on some trait they already possess, and are then categorized on the basis of that trait, the independent variable has been

The reason that it is incorrect to say that person A's IQ is twice person B's is that IQ is not scaled as

Experimental research only allows for the testing of the hypothesis of association.

The assigning of numbers to measurements according to certain rules is called