Question 1

In what section of a research article should the authors describe each analysis in a systematic fashion?

Accepted Answer

A) Introduction 
B) Methods 
C) Results 
D) Discussion 
A) Introduction 
B) Methods 
C) Results 
D) Discussion C

Question 2

To figure statistical power of a planned study, one needs to:

Accepted Answer

A) decide what statistical test to use 
B) make some estimate of effect size 
C) carefully collect the data and analyze results 
D) both A and B 
A) decide what statistical test to use 
B) make some estimate of effect size 
C) carefully collect the data and analyze results 
D) both A and B D

Question 3

What are some ways to handle missing data in a study? How should these data be coded in a database?

Accepted Answer

Answers to this question will vary but should include reference to the following: (a)making decisions about whether those who don't answer a particular question are systematically different from those who do; subsequently, the researcher can opt to not do analyses involving that variable or go ahead with those participants who responded to it-keeping in mind that results will only apply to the kinds of people likely to answer such questions; (b)if the missing values seem random, one can substitute the average of everyone else's score on that variable for each missing value; (c)if the study has groups, one can substitute the value for the average of that group; (d)if a person has a missing value on an item that is part of a multi-item measure, one might decide to substitute that person's average on the items that were completed.
It is usually a good idea to create a new variable in your database that includes the substituted values-keeping the original variable as it was. This ensures that the researcher will not lose track of when he or she substituted values.

Question 4

A researcher should use __________ or __________ when there is one predictor variable.

Accepted Answer

A) multiple regression; correlation 
B) correlation; bivariate prediction 
C) Z scores; multiple regression 
D) criterion variables; Z scores 
A) multiple regression; correlation 
B) correlation; bivariate prediction 
C) Z scores; multiple regression 
D) criterion variables; Z scores

Question 5

A researcher realizes that her data are seriously skewed. She could do all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) log transform the scores 
B) square-root transform the scores 
C) substitute the median for the mean 
D) use a rank-ordered method 
A) log transform the scores 
B) square-root transform the scores 
C) substitute the median for the mean 
D) use a rank-ordered method

Question 6

In the Discussion section of a research article, one should:

Accepted Answer

A) summarize key conclusions 
B) provide detailed information about participants 
C) report on the reliability of one's measures 
D) all of the above 
A) summarize key conclusions 
B) provide detailed information about participants 
C) report on the reliability of one's measures 
D) all of the above

Question 7

Once a researcher has an idea for a research question, the next step is to:

Accepted Answer

A) run a statistical analysis 
B) enter data into SPSS 
C) develop a specific research plan to address the question 
D) prepare a manuscript for publication 
A) run a statistical analysis 
B) enter data into SPSS 
C) develop a specific research plan to address the question 
D) prepare a manuscript for publication

Question 8

Once a researcher has decided whether to utilize a t test or ANOVA (based on the number of means being compared), the next decision relates to:

Accepted Answer

A) whether to determine the mean or median of the samples 
B) whether to determine the variance or standard deviation of the samples 
C) whether to refer to the Z table or t table 
D) whether to use a between-subjects or within-subjects design 
A) whether to determine the mean or median of the samples 
B) whether to determine the variance or standard deviation of the samples 
C) whether to refer to the Z table or t table 
D) whether to use a between-subjects or within-subjects design

Question 9

If a participant has a missing value on an item that is part of a multi-item measure (such as 1 item not answered on a 20-item depression questionnaire), the researcher might handle this by:

Accepted Answer

A) substituting that person's average on the items that were completed 
B) substituting a similar person's score on that item 
C) substituting the total score on the questionnaire for that item 
D) all of the above are viable options 
A) substituting that person's average on the items that were completed 
B) substituting a similar person's score on that item 
C) substituting the total score on the questionnaire for that item 
D) all of the above are viable options

Question 10

Before running statistical analyses, researchers should check their data for:

Accepted Answer

A) skewness 
B) missing data 
C) outliers 
D) all of the above 
A) skewness 
B) missing data 
C) outliers 
D) all of the above

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT one of the main sections of most research papers in the behavioral and social sciences?

Accepted Answer

A) Case Report 
B) Introduction 
C) Methods 
D) Discussion 
A) Case Report 
B) Introduction 
C) Methods 
D) Discussion

Question 12

Suppose you determine that your new study will focus on differences between means. Your next question should be __________.

Accepted Answer

whether two or more means are

Question 13

It is never a good idea to note the limitations of your study and anomalous results. (True or False)

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

If a planned study has power below __________ , there are several ways a researcher can alter the study to increase power.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If a planned study has power below...

Question 15

What are some considerations when entering your data into a computer spreadsheet or database?

Accepted Answer

Answers to this question will vary but s

Question 16

Suppose you are testing a hypothesis about which of various professors are most favored by psychology students at a particular university. The appropriate analysis would be:

Accepted Answer

A) ANOVA 
B) t test for independence 
C) chi-square test 
D) correlation 
A) ANOVA 
B) t test for independence 
C) chi-square test 
D) correlation

Question 17

If a researcher decides to handle missing data on a particular item by only including those participants who answered that item, he or she must keep in mind that results will:

Accepted Answer

A) be completely valid and applicable 
B) apply to all members of the population 
C) only apply to the kinds of people who are likely to answer such questions 
D) not be publishable 
A) be completely valid and applicable 
B) apply to all members of the population 
C) only apply to the kinds of people who are likely to answer such questions 
D) not be publishable

Question 18

A nonsignificant result means:

Accepted Answer

A) "proof" for the research hypothesis 
B) "proof" for the null hypothesis 
C) "no difference" 
D) "inconclusive" 
A) "proof" for the research hypothesis 
B) "proof" for the null hypothesis 
C) "no difference" 
D) "inconclusive"

Question 19

Researchers use multiple regression when there are two or more predictor variables. (True or False)

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The appropriate type of analysis to use with rank-order scores is:

Accepted Answer

A) parametric 
B) nonparametric 
C) linear 
D) log linear 
A) parametric 
B) nonparametric 
C) linear 
D) log linear

In what section of a research article should the authors describe each analysis in a systematic fashion?

To figure statistical power of a planned study, one needs to:

What are some ways to handle missing data in a study? How should these data be coded in a database?

A researcher should use or when there is one predictor variable.

A researcher realizes that her data are seriously skewed. She could do all of the following EXCEPT:

In the Discussion section of a research article, one should:

Once a researcher has an idea for a research question, the next step is to:

Once a researcher has decided whether to utilize a t test or ANOVA (based on the number of means being compared), the next decision relates to:

If a participant has a missing value on an item that is part of a multi-item measure (such as 1 item not answered on a 20-item depression questionnaire), the researcher might handle this by:

Before running statistical analyses, researchers should check their data for:

Which of the following is NOT one of the main sections of most research papers in the behavioral and social sciences?

Suppose you determine that your new study will focus on differences between means. Your next question should be __________.

It is never a good idea to note the limitations of your study and anomalous results. (True or False)

If a planned study has power below __________ , there are several ways a researcher can alter the study to increase power.

What are some considerations when entering your data into a computer spreadsheet or database?

Suppose you are testing a hypothesis about which of various professors are most favored by psychology students at a particular university. The appropriate analysis would be:

If a researcher decides to handle missing data on a particular item by only including those participants who answered that item, he or she must keep in mind that results will:

A nonsignificant result means:

Researchers use multiple regression when there are two or more predictor variables. (True or False)

The appropriate type of analysis to use with rank-order scores is:

Displaying the Order in a Group of Numbers Using Tables and Graphs

The Mean, Variance, Standard Deviation, and Z Scores

Correlation and Prediction

Some Key Ingredients for Inferential Statistics: the Normal Curve, Sample Versus Population, and Probability

Introduction to Hypothesis Testing

Hypothesis Tests With Means of Samples

Making Sense of Statistical Significance: Effect Size and Statistical Power

Introduction to the T Test: Single Sample and Dependent Means

The T Test for Independent Means

Introduction to the Analysis of Variance

Chi-Square Tests and Strategies When Population Distributions Are Not Normal

Filters

Exam 12: Applying Statistical Methods in Your Own Research Project

In what section of a research article should the authors describe each analysis in a systematic fashion?

To figure statistical power of a planned study, one needs to:

What are some ways to handle missing data in a study? How should these data be coded in a database?

A researcher should use __________ or __________ when there is one predictor variable.

A researcher realizes that her data are seriously skewed. She could do all of the following EXCEPT:

In the Discussion section of a research article, one should:

Once a researcher has an idea for a research question, the next step is to:

Once a researcher has decided whether to utilize a t test or ANOVA (based on the number of means being compared), the next decision relates to:

If a participant has a missing value on an item that is part of a multi-item measure (such as 1 item not answered on a 20-item depression questionnaire), the researcher might handle this by:

Before running statistical analyses, researchers should check their data for:

Which of the following is NOT one of the main sections of most research papers in the behavioral and social sciences?

Suppose you determine that your new study will focus on differences between means. Your next question should be __________.

It is never a good idea to note the limitations of your study and anomalous results. (True or False)

If a planned study has power below __________ , there are several ways a researcher can alter the study to increase power.

What are some considerations when entering your data into a computer spreadsheet or database?

Suppose you are testing a hypothesis about which of various professors are most favored by psychology students at a particular university. The appropriate analysis would be:

If a researcher decides to handle missing data on a particular item by only including those participants who answered that item, he or she must keep in mind that results will:

A nonsignificant result means:

Researchers use multiple regression when there are two or more predictor variables. (True or False)

The appropriate type of analysis to use with rank-order scores is:

Displaying the Order in a Group of Numbers Using Tables and Graphs

The Mean, Variance, Standard Deviation, and Z Scores

Correlation and Prediction

Some Key Ingredients for Inferential Statistics: the Normal Curve, Sample Versus Population, and Probability

Introduction to Hypothesis Testing

Hypothesis Tests With Means of Samples

Making Sense of Statistical Significance: Effect Size and Statistical Power

Introduction to the T Test: Single Sample and Dependent Means

The T Test for Independent Means

Introduction to the Analysis of Variance

Chi-Square Tests and Strategies When Population Distributions Are Not Normal

Filters

A researcher should use or when there is one predictor variable.