Exam 2: Principles of Epidemiology

Match the definitions in the left column with the appropriate terms in the right column.​ -​Figures pertaining to certain life events

​Nutritional epidemiology today is primarily concerned with the major chronic diseases of the Western world.

​Match the step in the scientific method in the left column with its correct description in the right column. -Conclusions are drawn based on collected data.​

​During statistical analysis, the investigator may consider searching for statistical associations among various groups that may suggest a cause-effect relationship, without having generated prior hypotheses about these groups. This is known as ____.

Can data derived from an ecological study accurately yield a final conclusion that consumption (or lack thereof) of a specific nutrient can lead to the development of a given disease? Why or why not?​

Match the advantage or disadvantage in the left column with its correct type of study. Items will be used more than once.​ -Relatively quick and inexpensive as it requires relatively few subjects​

Prospective cohort studies use existing longitudinal data to look back for a temporal relationship between exposure factors and outcome development.​

An investigation of the correlation between consumption of genetically modified corn and colon cancer incidence and mortality rates in humans is an example of a(n) ____ study.​

Food balance sheets measure the food actually ingested by a population.​

_____ bias is the presence of another variable that accounts for an observation.​​

To an epidemiologist studying factors that contribute to diabetes, an individual with a confirmed case of diabetes is a(n) ____.​

​The major objective of the Nurse's Health Study I was to ____.

The most appropriate use of a correlational study is to ____.​

Factors such as race, age, sex, and a person's physiological state are all considered determinants of disease.​

​Prenatal exposure to ____ is one of the leading preventable causes of mental retardation in the United States.

In Basiotis et al.'s year-long food intake study, which food component required the largest number of days of food intake records to yield a "true" average intake?​

List different controllable and non-controllable risk factors of heart disease.​

In the 1990s, epidemiologic studies established that women could reduce their risk of bearing a child with neural tube birth defects by increasing their intake of ____.​

Which step of the scientific method occurs immediately after the identification of the problem?​

What is the main difference between a retrospective and prospective cohort study?​