Exam 2: Principles of Epidemiology

Match the advantage or disadvantage in the left column with its correct type of study. Items will be used more than once.​ -Can calculate and compare rates in exposed and unexposed​

Describe two examples of how the results of epidemiological studies have impacted the nutritional status of Americans.​

Define confounding factors. List possible confounding factors in an epidemiological study.​

Match the definitions in the left column with the appropriate terms in the right column.​ -​A "hidden" characteristic that is distributed differently in the study and control groups that may cause an association that the researchers attribute to other factors

Prenatal exposure to alcohol is one of the leading preventable causes of mental retardation in the United States.

The ____ method of assessing intake is time consuming, and the results may not be accurate if subjects modify their eating habits during the time of the study.​

A single individual with a confirmed diagnosis of a disease is classified as a case.​

The rate of incidence of a disease is best measured using a cross-sectional study.​

In a(n) ____ study, exposure factors and outcomes are observed or measured at a single point in time in a sample from the population being studied.​

One of the first large population studies to examine the relationship between blood cholesterol levels and risk of CHD was the Seven Countries Study. This study is an example of ____.​

A confounding factor is a "hidden" factor or characteristic that may cause an association that the researchers attribute to other factors.​

​Differentiate among the methods of collecting food consumption data at the national, household, and individual levels.

Match the advantage or disadvantage in the left column with its correct type of study. Items will be used more than once.​ -May provide incomplete data from subject loss to follow-up​

Match the advantage or disadvantage in the left column with its correct type of study. Items will be used more than once.​ -Difficult to select suitable comparison group​

Define the term relative risk and explain what a relative risk of greater than 1.0 means.​

Within the field of epidemiology, the term distribution refers to the relationship between the health problem or disease and the treatment options available.​

A cohort is a well-defined group of people who are studied over a period of time to determine their incidence of disease, injury, or death.

Describe major vital statistics used by epidemiologists to monitor a population's health status.​

The prevalence of a disease is the number of new cases of a disease during a specific time period in a defined population.​

In the context of epidemiology, the term ____ refers to the causes and factors that affect the risk of disease.​