Question 1

What is a developmentally appropriate practice (DAP)?

Accepted Answer

Many educators and psychologists conclude that preschool and young elementary school children learn best through active, hands-on teaching methods such as games and dramatic play. They know that children develop at varying rates and that schools need to allow for these individual differences. They also argue that schools should focus on facilitating children's socioemotional development as well as their cognitive development. Educators refer to this type of schooling as developmentally appropriate practice (DAP), which is based on knowledge of the typical development of children within a particular age span (age-appropriateness), as well as on the uniqueness of the individual child (individual-appropriateness). DAP emphasizes the importance of creating settings that encourage children to be active learners and reflect children's interests and capabilities. Desired outcomes for DAP include thinking critically, working cooperatively, solving problems, developing self-regulatory skills, and enjoying learning. The emphasis in DAP is on the process of learning rather than on its content.

Question 2

Researchers have found that children who use private speech are

Accepted Answer

A)  less alert and aware of their surroundings. 
B)  more attentive and more likely to improve their performance. 
C)  socially maladjusted. 
D)  at the upper end of the zone of proximal development. 
A)  less alert and aware of their surroundings. 
B)  more attentive and more likely to improve their performance. 
C)  socially maladjusted. 
D)  at the upper end of the zone of proximal development. B

Question 3

During an experiment in which Lisa can eat a cookie right away or wait until the experimenter returns and get a second cookie, Lisa is singing the alphabet song to herself while she waits. According to your text, Lisa is using ________ thoughts.

Accepted Answer

A)  cool 
B)  hot 
C)  educational 
D)  frozen 
A)  cool 
B)  hot 
C)  educational 
D)  frozen A

Question 4

According to your text, executive function is connected to

Accepted Answer

A)  theory of mind development. 
B)  political ambitions in early childhood. 
C)  the autonomic nervous system. 
D)  gains in height during middle childhood. 
A)  theory of mind development. 
B)  political ambitions in early childhood. 
C)  the autonomic nervous system. 
D)  gains in height during middle childhood.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a factor, as presented in your text, that can influence the effectiveness of the zone of proximal development?

Accepted Answer

A)  better emotion regulation 
B)  secure attachment 
C)  child compliance 
D)  history of depression in the child 
A)  better emotion regulation 
B)  secure attachment 
C)  child compliance 
D)  history of depression in the child

Question 6

In a task, children are asked to say the word "night" when they see a picture of a sun, and the word "day" when they see a picture of a moon and stars. This is an example of a(n) ________ task.

Accepted Answer

A)  short-term memory 
B)  executive function 
C)  sustained attention 
D)  social referencing 
A)  short-term memory 
B)  executive function 
C)  sustained attention 
D)  social referencing

Question 7

In a Montessori school, children are MOST likely to

Accepted Answer

A)  work together on a group project. 
B)  engage in imaginative play. 
C)  get continued assistance from the teacher on a project only when requested. 
D)  find their teachers taking the role of a director. 
A)  work together on a group project. 
B)  engage in imaginative play. 
C)  get continued assistance from the teacher on a project only when requested. 
D)  find their teachers taking the role of a director.

Question 8

Centration leads a child to

Accepted Answer

A)  focus on only one feature of an object. 
B)  believe in lifelike qualities of inanimate objects. 
C)  see things from the viewpoint of another person. 
D)  see multiple characteristics of an object at one time. 
A)  focus on only one feature of an object. 
B)  believe in lifelike qualities of inanimate objects. 
C)  see things from the viewpoint of another person. 
D)  see multiple characteristics of an object at one time.

Question 9

During the intuitive thought substage of preoperational thought, children begin to use ________ and want to know the answers to all sorts of questions.

Accepted Answer

A)  animism 
B)  primitive reasoning 
C)  egocentrism 
D)  symbolic thought 
A)  animism 
B)  primitive reasoning 
C)  egocentrism 
D)  symbolic thought

Question 10

Regarding cognitive development, which of the following terms describes the changing level of support over the course of a teaching session, with the more-skilled person adjusting guidance to fit the child's current performance level?

Accepted Answer

A)  self-concordance 
B)  operant conditioning 
C)  scaffolding 
D)  reverse socializing 
A)  self-concordance 
B)  operant conditioning 
C)  scaffolding 
D)  reverse socializing

Question 11

Jean Piaget's preoperational period extends from ________ years of age.

Accepted Answer

A)  birth to 2 
B)  2 to 7 
C)  4 to 10 
D)  7 to 11 
A)  birth to 2 
B)  2 to 7 
C)  4 to 10 
D)  7 to 11

Question 12

Jason, who is 4 years old, spends a lot of time talking to himself while he is processing information. According to Lev Vygotsky,

Accepted Answer

A)  Jason should be encouraged not to talk to himself. 
B)  Jason will likely be more socially competent than if he did not use private speech. 
C)  Jason's private speech is an indication of his mental retardation. 
D)  Jason's private speech is an indication of his egocentrism and immaturity. 
A)  Jason should be encouraged not to talk to himself. 
B)  Jason will likely be more socially competent than if he did not use private speech. 
C)  Jason's private speech is an indication of his mental retardation. 
D)  Jason's private speech is an indication of his egocentrism and immaturity.

Question 13

The transition from the ability to construct simple sentences expressing a single idea to complex sentences begins between ________ years of age.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 and 2 
B)  2 and 3 
C)  3 and 4 
D)  4 and 5 
A)  1 and 2 
B)  2 and 3 
C)  3 and 4 
D)  4 and 5

Question 14

In a child-centered kindergarten, education focuses on the

Accepted Answer

A)  child's social interaction. 
B)  role of a teacher as a director. 
C)  child's freedom to choose activities. 
D)  process of learning. 
A)  child's social interaction. 
B)  role of a teacher as a director. 
C)  child's freedom to choose activities. 
D)  process of learning.

Question 15

During the ________ substage of preoperational thought, children seem very sure about their knowledge but do not know how they know what they know.

Accepted Answer

A)  sensorimotor 
B)  symbolic function 
C)  intuitive thought 
D)  concrete operational 
A)  sensorimotor 
B)  symbolic function 
C)  intuitive thought 
D)  concrete operational

Question 16

Centration refers to the

Accepted Answer

A)  belief that inanimate objects have lifelike qualities and are capable of action. 
B)  inability to distinguish between one's own perspective from someone else's perspective. 
C)  ability to complete reversible mental actions that allow children to do mentally what they formerly did physically. 
D)  focusing of attention on one characteristic to the exclusion of all others. 
A)  belief that inanimate objects have lifelike qualities and are capable of action. 
B)  inability to distinguish between one's own perspective from someone else's perspective. 
C)  ability to complete reversible mental actions that allow children to do mentally what they formerly did physically. 
D)  focusing of attention on one characteristic to the exclusion of all others.

Question 17

Howie and his little sister Faye are each given one large cookie. Their mother breaks Faye's cookie into four pieces to help her eat it more easily. Howie immediately begins to cry, saying that it isn't fair for Faye to get so many cookies when he has only one. Howie is showing

Accepted Answer

A)  lack of centration. 
B)  lack of conservation. 
C)  egocentrism. 
D)  animism. 
A)  lack of centration. 
B)  lack of conservation. 
C)  egocentrism. 
D)  animism.

Question 18

A growing number of educators and psychologists who support developmentally appropriate practice (DAP) education believe that preschool and early elementary school children learn BEST when

Accepted Answer

A)  children are taught using hands-off teaching methods. 
B)  children are taught to exercise self-regulating activities. 
C)  schools use practices that focus on what is being taught. 
D)  schools also focus on children's socioemotional development. 
A)  children are taught using hands-off teaching methods. 
B)  children are taught to exercise self-regulating activities. 
C)  schools use practices that focus on what is being taught. 
D)  schools also focus on children's socioemotional development.

Question 19

Briefly describe Project Head Start.

Accepted Answer

For many years, U.S. children from low-i

Question 20

"That teddy bear is looking at me funny," said Vanessa. This statement is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  animism. 
B)  centration. 
C)  self-concordance. 
D)  egocentrism. 
A)  animism. 
B)  centration. 
C)  self-concordance. 
D)  egocentrism.

What is a developmentally appropriate practice (DAP)?

Researchers have found that children who use private speech are

During an experiment in which Lisa can eat a cookie right away or wait until the experimenter returns and get a second cookie, Lisa is singing the alphabet song to herself while she waits. According to your text, Lisa is using ________ thoughts.

According to your text, executive function is connected to

Which of the following is NOT a factor, as presented in your text, that can influence the effectiveness of the zone of proximal development?

In a task, children are asked to say the word "night" when they see a picture of a sun, and the word "day" when they see a picture of a moon and stars. This is an example of a(n) ________ task.

In a Montessori school, children are MOST likely to

Centration leads a child to

During the intuitive thought substage of preoperational thought, children begin to use ________ and want to know the answers to all sorts of questions.

Regarding cognitive development, which of the following terms describes the changing level of support over the course of a teaching session, with the more-skilled person adjusting guidance to fit the child's current performance level?

Jean Piaget's preoperational period extends from ________ years of age.

Jason, who is 4 years old, spends a lot of time talking to himself while he is processing information. According to Lev Vygotsky,

The transition from the ability to construct simple sentences expressing a single idea to complex sentences begins between ________ years of age.

In a child-centered kindergarten, education focuses on the

During the ________ substage of preoperational thought, children seem very sure about their knowledge but do not know how they know what they know.

Centration refers to the

Howie and his little sister Faye are each given one large cookie. Their mother breaks Faye's cookie into four pieces to help her eat it more easily. Howie immediately begins to cry, saying that it isn't fair for Faye to get so many cookies when he has only one. Howie is showing

A growing number of educators and psychologists who support developmentally appropriate practice (DAP) education believe that preschool and early elementary school children learn BEST when

Briefly describe Project Head Start.

"That teddy bear is looking at me funny," said Vanessa. This statement is an example of

Introduction

Biological Beginnings

Prenatal Development

Birth

Physical Development in Infancy

Cognitive Development in Infancy

Socioemotional Development in Infancy

Physical Development in Early Childhood

Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood

Physical Development in Middle and Late Childhood

Cognitive Development in Middle in Late Childhood

Socioemotional Development in Middle in Late Childhood

Physical Development in Adolescence

Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Socioemotional Development in Adolescence

Filters

Exam 9: Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

What is a developmentally appropriate practice (DAP)?

Researchers have found that children who use private speech are

During an experiment in which Lisa can eat a cookie right away or wait until the experimenter returns and get a second cookie, Lisa is singing the alphabet song to herself while she waits. According to your text, Lisa is using ________ thoughts.

According to your text, executive function is connected to

Which of the following is NOT a factor, as presented in your text, that can influence the effectiveness of the zone of proximal development?

In a task, children are asked to say the word "night" when they see a picture of a sun, and the word "day" when they see a picture of a moon and stars. This is an example of a(n) ________ task.

In a Montessori school, children are MOST likely to

Centration leads a child to

During the intuitive thought substage of preoperational thought, children begin to use ________ and want to know the answers to all sorts of questions.

Regarding cognitive development, which of the following terms describes the changing level of support over the course of a teaching session, with the more-skilled person adjusting guidance to fit the child's current performance level?

Jean Piaget's preoperational period extends from ________ years of age.

Jason, who is 4 years old, spends a lot of time talking to himself while he is processing information. According to Lev Vygotsky,

The transition from the ability to construct simple sentences expressing a single idea to complex sentences begins between ________ years of age.

In a child-centered kindergarten, education focuses on the

During the ________ substage of preoperational thought, children seem very sure about their knowledge but do not know how they know what they know.

Centration refers to the

Howie and his little sister Faye are each given one large cookie. Their mother breaks Faye's cookie into four pieces to help her eat it more easily. Howie immediately begins to cry, saying that it isn't fair for Faye to get so many cookies when he has only one. Howie is showing

A growing number of educators and psychologists who support developmentally appropriate practice (DAP) education believe that preschool and early elementary school children learn BEST when

Briefly describe Project Head Start.

"That teddy bear is looking at me funny," said Vanessa. This statement is an example of

Introduction

Biological Beginnings

Prenatal Development

Birth

Physical Development in Infancy

Cognitive Development in Infancy

Socioemotional Development in Infancy

Physical Development in Early Childhood

Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood

Physical Development in Middle and Late Childhood

Cognitive Development in Middle in Late Childhood

Socioemotional Development in Middle in Late Childhood

Physical Development in Adolescence

Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Socioemotional Development in Adolescence

Filters