Exam 9: Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Describe the child-centered kindergarten approach to education.

The symbolic function substage of preoperational thought occurs roughly between the ages of

What is scaffolding?

Describe the symbolic function substage of the preoperational stage.

Lonnie's preschool is academically focused. The children do several paper-and-pencil activities each day and are formally tested every Friday. According to research that suggests benefits for education in developmentally appropriate schools, Lonnie will ________ than if he had attended a developmentally appropriate preschool.

Which of the following terms refers to an educational philosophy in which children are given considerable freedom and spontaneity in choosing activities and specially designed curriculum materials?

List some of the ways in which Vygotsky's theory can be incorporated in classrooms.

Between the ages of ________, children come to understand that the mind can represent objects and events accurately or inaccurately.

The kindergarten teachers say, "We try to help children learn by using their strengths and preferences. We try to find out at which stage of development is each child and then get them personally involved in their own education as soon as possible." This classroom follows ________ practices.

According to research, secure attachment during toddler years results in

When adults are working with young children, they often provide a lot of hints, assistance, instruction, and other support to help the children succeed. Then, as the children demonstrate that they can do more for themselves, the adults begin to withdraw their hints, assistance, and instruction. This shows that the adults are often aware of children's

Jenny says, "What Montel is doing?" Jenny needs to improve her

Who was your favorite teacher in elementary school? Answering this question requires ________ memory.

What is a developmentally inappropriate educational practice? Give a suitable example.

Memory of significant events and experiences in one's life is called ________ memory.

Which of the following is a known criticism of Vygotsky's theory?

According to Vygotsky, what is the significance of private speech?

A child is shown two identical balls of clay. One of the balls is then rolled out into the shape of a string and the child is asked which has more clay, the ball or the string. This process is a test of

Children learn to change their speech style to suit the situation by around

Four-year-old Alyssa, a preschool child, has been asked to solve a problem. She is likely to focus on the features of the problem that are flashy, or that stand out, rather than those that are most important. Alyssa is focusing on the ________ features of the problem.