Exam 9: Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Esteban fell down and scraped a knee on the sidewalk. He said, "The mean sidewalk made me fall by tripping me." Esteban's statement indicates a(n) ________ thought.

________ involves action planning, allocating attention to goals, error detection and compensation, monitoring progress on tasks, and dealing with novel or difficult circumstances.

________ thought is the beginning of the ability to reconstruct in thought what has been established in behavior.

Children begin to see the mind as an active constructor of knowledge or processing center during

When a child sees a shirt and hears, "This is a shirt," then sees another "shirt" and declares, "Now there are two shirts," the child is displaying an understanding of

In one study, an increase in the number of details given when describing an autobiographical memory rose from around 4 descriptive items at age 3 1/2 to around ________ at age 6.

Describe the Montessori approach to education.

Which of the following is NOT one of the six key principles of young children's vocabulary development that facilitate optimal word learning?

A recent longitudinal study revealed that the ability to delay gratification at the age of 4 was linked to

In terms of scaffolding and the zone of proximal development, guidance from a more-skilled individual will

Which of the following statements about Piaget's preoperational stage is accurate?

Jean Piaget claimed that during the preoperational stage children cannot

The zone of proximal development (ZPD) is a term for

________ is an umbrella-like concept that consists of a number of higher-level cognitive processes linked to the development of the brain's prefrontal cortex.

Without rehearsal, our ________ memory can store information for 30 seconds.

Theory of mind is a(n)

When a preschool child and an elementary school child are asked to compare two complex pictures, the older child engages in a more systematic comparison of the pictures one detail at a time. The older child is engaging in a higher degree of

Which of the following terms, introduced by Vygotsky, refers to the child's cognitive skills that are in the process of maturing and can be accomplished only with the assistance of a more-skilled person?

In the Montessori approach to education,

The ________ approach is an approach that emphasizes the social contexts of learning and the construction of knowledge through social interaction.