Question 1

A triad is more stable than a dyad.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

Compare functionalist and conflict approaches to formal organization. Give examples of each.

Accepted Answer

The functionalist approach to formal organization focuses on the idea that organizations are designed to fulfill specific functions and achieve specific goals. This approach emphasizes the importance of roles, responsibilities, and the division of labor within an organization. According to functionalism, each part of the organization has a specific function that contributes to the overall success of the organization. For example, in a manufacturing company, the production department, marketing department, and finance department all have specific functions that contribute to the overall success of the company.

On the other hand, the conflict approach to formal organization emphasizes the role of power, competition, and inequality within organizations. This approach suggests that organizations are characterized by conflict and competition between different groups or individuals with competing interests. For example, in a large corporation, there may be conflict between management and labor over issues such as wages, working conditions, and job security.

Overall, the functionalist approach focuses on the harmonious functioning of the organization, while the conflict approach highlights the power struggles and inequalities that exist within formal organizations. Both approaches offer valuable insights into the dynamics of formal organizations and can be used to better understand and improve organizational functioning.

Question 3

Cooley's concept of primary groups

Accepted Answer

A)  refers only to the intimate groups of one's formative years. 
B)  has been elaborated to include a variety of intimate relationships in groups. 
C)  no longer has relevance within sociology. 
D)  has been replaced with the concept of secondary groups. 
A)  refers only to the intimate groups of one's formative years. 
B)  has been elaborated to include a variety of intimate relationships in groups. 
C)  no longer has relevance within sociology. 
D)  has been replaced with the concept of secondary groups. B

Question 4

Explain what a formal organization is. Describe two types and give an example of each.

Accepted Answer

A formal organization is a structured gr

Question 5

Attribution error refers to a situation in which one

Accepted Answer

A)  fails to see that group membership is the cause of a person's behavior. 
B)  falsely attributes a person's behavior to membership in a particular group. 
C)  blames something on one person that is really the fault of another person. 
D)  completely misunderstands the action in a particular situation. 
A)  fails to see that group membership is the cause of a person's behavior. 
B)  falsely attributes a person's behavior to membership in a particular group. 
C)  blames something on one person that is really the fault of another person. 
D)  completely misunderstands the action in a particular situation.

Question 6

Utilitarian organizations are always for-profit organizations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The fact that women and minorities, as well as members of lower social classes, are not treated equally within bureaucracies is focus of .

Accepted Answer

A)  functionalism 
B)  conflict theory 
C)  symbolic interaction theory 
D)  social exchange theory 
A)  functionalism 
B)  conflict theory 
C)  symbolic interaction theory 
D)  social exchange theory

Question 8

Which of these is not considered a problem within bureaucracies?

Accepted Answer

A)  The informal structure 
B)  Risky shift 
C)  Groupthink 
D)  Ritualism 
A)  The informal structure 
B)  Risky shift 
C)  Groupthink 
D)  Ritualism

Question 9

Explain and give an example of attribution theory.

Accepted Answer

Attribution theory is a social psycholog

Question 10

The sociological term for a set of links between individuals or between other social groups is .

Accepted Answer

A)  consortium 
B)  social network 
C)  organizational complex 
D)  interactive web 
A)  consortium 
B)  social network 
C)  organizational complex 
D)  interactive web

Question 11

Explain Charles Page's concept of "bureaucracy's other face" and the functions that it fulfills.

Accepted Answer

Charles Page's concept of "bureaucracy's

Question 12

What was the outcome of the classic prison simulation done by Zimbardo and his associates?

Accepted Answer

A)  Without being told to do so, students playing the role of guards behaved sadistically toward the students in the role of prisoners. 
B)  When upper-class students were put in the role of prisoner, they were not abused as much as the working-class students in the same role. 
C)  The students acting in the roles of both prisoners and the prisoners did not take the experiment seriously and so it was discontinued early. 
D)  The findings were not significant in terms of how people adapt to roles of authority. 
A)  Without being told to do so, students playing the role of guards behaved sadistically toward the students in the role of prisoners. 
B)  When upper-class students were put in the role of prisoner, they were not abused as much as the working-class students in the same role. 
C)  The students acting in the roles of both prisoners and the prisoners did not take the experiment seriously and so it was discontinued early. 
D)  The findings were not significant in terms of how people adapt to roles of authority.

Question 13

Networks of White political and religious leaders tend to be more closely bonded than those of Black political and religious leaders.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Secondary groups sometimes take on characteristics of primary groups.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

People with a great deal of power or money are much less vulnerable to groupthink than others.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Define organizational ritualism; give an example of an event that resulted as a consequence of organizational ritualism.

Accepted Answer

Organizational ritualism refers to the e

Question 17

Studies done in the 1930s at the Hawthorne, Illinois, Western Electric telephone plant found all of the following, except

Accepted Answer

A)  workers developed their own norms for how much work should be accomplished each day. 
B)  workers may be punished by their fellow workers for being too productive. 
C)  informal structures within an organization may increase or decrease productivity. 
D)  women were more likely to be "rate busters" than men. 
A)  workers developed their own norms for how much work should be accomplished each day. 
B)  workers may be punished by their fellow workers for being too productive. 
C)  informal structures within an organization may increase or decrease productivity. 
D)  women were more likely to be "rate busters" than men.

Question 18

The central focus of is: positive functions contribute to unity and stability of the organization.

Accepted Answer

A)  functionalist theory 
B)  conflict theory 
C)  symbolic interaction theory 
D)  social exchange theory 
A)  functionalist theory 
B)  conflict theory 
C)  symbolic interaction theory 
D)  social exchange theory

Question 19

Individuals often join organizations for monetary reasons.

Accepted Answer

A)  coercive 
B)  volunteer 
C)  normative 
D)  utilitarian 
A)  coercive 
B)  volunteer 
C)  normative 
D)  utilitarian

Question 20

Most disparities between Whites and members of minority groups in terms of promotion rates and leadership positions have largely disappeared.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

A triad is more stable than a dyad.

Compare functionalist and conflict approaches to formal organization. Give examples of each.

Cooley's concept of primary groups

Explain what a formal organization is. Describe two types and give an example of each.

Attribution error refers to a situation in which one

Utilitarian organizations are always for-profit organizations.

The fact that women and minorities, as well as members of lower social classes, are not treated equally within bureaucracies is focus of .

Which of these is not considered a problem within bureaucracies?

Explain and give an example of attribution theory.

The sociological term for a set of links between individuals or between other social groups is .

Explain Charles Page's concept of "bureaucracy's other face" and the functions that it fulfills.

What was the outcome of the classic prison simulation done by Zimbardo and his associates?

Networks of White political and religious leaders tend to be more closely bonded than those of Black political and religious leaders.

Secondary groups sometimes take on characteristics of primary groups.

People with a great deal of power or money are much less vulnerable to groupthink than others.

Define organizational ritualism; give an example of an event that resulted as a consequence of organizational ritualism.

Studies done in the 1930s at the Hawthorne, Illinois, Western Electric telephone plant found all of the following, except

The central focus of is: positive functions contribute to unity and stability of the organization.

Individuals often join organizations for monetary reasons.

Most disparities between Whites and members of minority groups in terms of promotion rates and leadership positions have largely disappeared.

The Sociological Perspective

Culture

Doing Sociological Research

Socialization and the Life Course

Social Structure and Social Interaction

Deviance and Crime

Social Class and Social Stratification

Global Stratification

Race and Ethnicity

Gender

Sexuality

Families and Religion

Education and Health Care

Economy and Politics

Environment Population and Social Change

Filters

Exam 6: Groups and Organizations

A triad is more stable than a dyad.

Compare functionalist and conflict approaches to formal organization. Give examples of each.

Cooley's concept of primary groups

Explain what a formal organization is. Describe two types and give an example of each.

Attribution error refers to a situation in which one

Utilitarian organizations are always for-profit organizations.

The fact that women and minorities, as well as members of lower social classes, are not treated equally within bureaucracies is focus of .

Which of these is not considered a problem within bureaucracies?

Explain and give an example of attribution theory.

The sociological term for a set of links between individuals or between other social groups is .

Explain Charles Page's concept of "bureaucracy's other face" and the functions that it fulfills.

What was the outcome of the classic prison simulation done by Zimbardo and his associates?

Networks of White political and religious leaders tend to be more closely bonded than those of Black political and religious leaders.

Secondary groups sometimes take on characteristics of primary groups.

People with a great deal of power or money are much less vulnerable to groupthink than others.

Define organizational ritualism; give an example of an event that resulted as a consequence of organizational ritualism.

Studies done in the 1930s at the Hawthorne, Illinois, Western Electric telephone plant found all of the following, except

The central focus of is: positive functions contribute to unity and stability of the organization.

Individuals often join organizations for monetary reasons.

Most disparities between Whites and members of minority groups in terms of promotion rates and leadership positions have largely disappeared.

The Sociological Perspective

Culture

Doing Sociological Research

Socialization and the Life Course

Social Structure and Social Interaction

Deviance and Crime

Social Class and Social Stratification

Global Stratification

Race and Ethnicity

Gender

Sexuality

Families and Religion

Education and Health Care

Economy and Politics

Environment Population and Social Change

Filters