Question 1

The term sociologists use to describe the institutionalized practice of age prejudice and discrimination is termed _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ageism 
B)  age stratification 
C)  age cohort 
D)  age stereotypes 
A)  ageism 
B)  age stratification 
C)  age cohort 
D)  age stereotypes B

Question 2

Compare the functionalist, conflict, and symbolic interactionist perspectives on the socialization process. Describe their major differences.

Accepted Answer

The functionalist perspective on socialization emphasizes the role of social institutions, such as family, education, and religion, in transmitting cultural values and norms to individuals. According to functionalists, socialization helps maintain social order and stability by ensuring that individuals internalize the values and behaviors necessary for functioning in society. This perspective views socialization as a process of learning and adaptation to the expectations of society.

On the other hand, the conflict perspective sees socialization as a mechanism for perpetuating inequality and maintaining the status quo. According to this perspective, socialization serves to reproduce and reinforce existing power dynamics and social hierarchies. Conflict theorists argue that socialization processes can perpetuate the dominance of certain groups over others, leading to the reproduction of social inequalities.

The symbolic interactionist perspective focuses on the micro-level interactions and meanings that individuals create in the process of socialization. This perspective emphasizes the role of symbols, language, and communication in shaping individuals' understanding of themselves and their social world. Symbolic interactionists argue that socialization is a continuous process of negotiation and interpretation of symbols and meanings, and that individuals actively construct their identities through their interactions with others.

The major differences between these perspectives lie in their underlying assumptions about the nature and purpose of socialization. While functionalists emphasize the role of social institutions in maintaining social order, conflict theorists highlight the role of socialization in perpetuating inequality. Symbolic interactionists, on the other hand, focus on the individual's active role in shaping their own identity through social interactions and communication. These perspectives offer different insights into the socialization process and its implications for individuals and society.

Question 3

Social learning theory views identity as

Accepted Answer

A)  the result of shaping oneself in response to the expectations of others. 
B)  the result of the struggle with the unconscious. 
C)  the product of genetics. 
D)  the product of "I and the Me." 
A)  the result of shaping oneself in response to the expectations of others. 
B)  the result of the struggle with the unconscious. 
C)  the product of genetics. 
D)  the product of "I and the Me." A

Question 4

What is the primary difference between psychoanalytic theory and social learning theory?

Accepted Answer

The primary difference between psychoana

Question 5

Mead's term for the passive, conforming self that reacts to others is the .

Accepted Answer

A)  ego 
B)  me 
C)  I 
D)  id 
A)  ego 
B)  me 
C)  I 
D)  id

Question 6

How does adult socialization differ from socialization at younger ages?

Accepted Answer

A)  Socialization is easier in adulthood. 
B)  Unlike in the younger ages, adult socialization is more geared toward specific situations and roles. 
C)  There are no differences between the socialization of adults and youth. 
D)  Unlike in the younger ages, adult socialization has a fixed order in which events occur. 
A)  Socialization is easier in adulthood. 
B)  Unlike in the younger ages, adult socialization is more geared toward specific situations and roles. 
C)  There are no differences between the socialization of adults and youth. 
D)  Unlike in the younger ages, adult socialization has a fixed order in which events occur.

Question 7

In her research on the socialization of White and Black families in working-class, middle-class, and poor backgrounds, Annette Lareau found that the

Accepted Answer

A)  middle-class children had a more leisured life than working-class children. 
B)  working-class children's activities were less structured than those of middle-class children. 
C)  working-class children had less opportunity for creative play than middle-class children. 
D)  middle-class children were more harshly punished than working-class children. 
A)  middle-class children had a more leisured life than working-class children. 
B)  working-class children's activities were less structured than those of middle-class children. 
C)  working-class children had less opportunity for creative play than middle-class children. 
D)  middle-class children were more harshly punished than working-class children.

Question 8

Socialization during childhood is often

Accepted Answer

A)  direct. 
B)  extreme. 
C)  subtle. 
D)  accidental. 
A)  direct. 
B)  extreme. 
C)  subtle. 
D)  accidental.

Question 9

To say that not only do people live in society, but society also lives in people, is to recognize socialization as a form of .

Accepted Answer

A)  social control 
B)  nature 
C)  innate knowledge 
D)  conformity 
A)  social control 
B)  nature 
C)  innate knowledge 
D)  conformity

Question 10

In sociology, the process by which groups and individuals within those groups are brought into conformity with dominant social expectations is called _.

Accepted Answer

A)  criminalization 
B)  socialization 
C)  social control 
D)  punishments 
A)  criminalization 
B)  socialization 
C)  social control 
D)  punishments

Question 11

National surveys on adolescents of different social classes has found that

Accepted Answer

A)  lower-income youth are more likely to have fun than upper-class youth. 
B)  economically privileged youth are more likely than their less privileged peers to define their activities as fun and not work. 
C)  there are no significant differences in the activities of adolescents of different social classes. 
D)  the world seems more "work-like" for economically privileged adolescents. 
A)  lower-income youth are more likely to have fun than upper-class youth. 
B)  economically privileged youth are more likely than their less privileged peers to define their activities as fun and not work. 
C)  there are no significant differences in the activities of adolescents of different social classes. 
D)  the world seems more "work-like" for economically privileged adolescents.

Question 12

In their judgement of identity, how does Mead differ from Freud?

Accepted Answer

A)  Freud believed the identity was fixed in childhood, whereas Mead thought it was constantly emerging. 
B)  Mead believed there are multiple parts of the individual, but Freud did not. 
C)  Freud developed symbolic interactionism and Mead developed psychoanalytic theory. 
D)  Mead argued that the identity is static, whereas Freud argued that the identity is dynamic. 
A)  Freud believed the identity was fixed in childhood, whereas Mead thought it was constantly emerging. 
B)  Mead believed there are multiple parts of the individual, but Freud did not. 
C)  Freud developed symbolic interactionism and Mead developed psychoanalytic theory. 
D)  Mead argued that the identity is static, whereas Freud argued that the identity is dynamic.

Question 13

The difference between social learning theory and psychoanalytic theory is that the social learning theory:

Accepted Answer

A)  sees human identity as indeterminate. 
B)  interprets human identity as a social process occurring late in life. 
C)  interprets human identity as a social process occurring early in life. 
D)  sees identity as a learned response to external social stimuli. 
A)  sees human identity as indeterminate. 
B)  interprets human identity as a social process occurring late in life. 
C)  interprets human identity as a social process occurring early in life. 
D)  sees identity as a learned response to external social stimuli.

Question 14

The central feature of social learning theory is that

Accepted Answer

A)  learning is simple. 
B)  individuals are resistant to learning. 
C)  learning and imagination are both important. 
D)  children can progress through separate stages of the learning process. 
A)  learning is simple. 
B)  individuals are resistant to learning. 
C)  learning and imagination are both important. 
D)  children can progress through separate stages of the learning process.

Question 15

From a sociological perspective, what a person becomes

Accepted Answer

A)  is a result of innate traits. 
B)  emerges throughout life. 
C)  results from social experiences. 
D)  is mainly genetic. 
A)  is a result of innate traits. 
B)  emerges throughout life. 
C)  results from social experiences. 
D)  is mainly genetic.

Question 16

Sociologists believe that socialization

Accepted Answer

A)  happens in the same way for all members of society. 
B)  is not uniform; no two people have exactly the same experience. 
C)  has a biological basis and so the social context places only a very small role in it. 
D)  encourages conformity over individual identity. 
A)  happens in the same way for all members of society. 
B)  is not uniform; no two people have exactly the same experience. 
C)  has a biological basis and so the social context places only a very small role in it. 
D)  encourages conformity over individual identity.

Question 17

Socialization is voluntary for most people.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Research on education in the U.S. implies that

Accepted Answer

A)  the expectations encountered in schools are much the same for most students. 
B)  studying socialization in schools is an excellent way to see the influence of gender, class, and race in shaping socialization. 
C)  girls receive more attention in the curriculum than boys. 
D)  even when boys and girls are segregated into different groups, the sociological consequences are the same. 
A)  the expectations encountered in schools are much the same for most students. 
B)  studying socialization in schools is an excellent way to see the influence of gender, class, and race in shaping socialization. 
C)  girls receive more attention in the curriculum than boys. 
D)  even when boys and girls are segregated into different groups, the sociological consequences are the same.

Question 19

The perspective considers the role of social perception in understanding the sociology of age.

Accepted Answer

A)  functionalist 
B)  conflict 
C)  psychoanalytic 
D)  symbolic interactionist 
A)  functionalist 
B)  conflict 
C)  psychoanalytic 
D)  symbolic interactionist

Question 20

In regard to the "nature versus nurture" debate, sociologists would tend to emphasize _.

Accepted Answer

A)  nature 
B)  nurture 
C)  both 
D)  neither 
A)  nature 
B)  nurture 
C)  both 
D)  neither

The term sociologists use to describe the institutionalized practice of age prejudice and discrimination is termed _____.

Compare the functionalist, conflict, and symbolic interactionist perspectives on the socialization process. Describe their major differences.

Social learning theory views identity as

What is the primary difference between psychoanalytic theory and social learning theory?

Mead's term for the passive, conforming self that reacts to others is the .

How does adult socialization differ from socialization at younger ages?

In her research on the socialization of White and Black families in working-class, middle-class, and poor backgrounds, Annette Lareau found that the

Socialization during childhood is often

To say that not only do people live in society, but society also lives in people, is to recognize socialization as a form of .

In sociology, the process by which groups and individuals within those groups are brought into conformity with dominant social expectations is called _.

National surveys on adolescents of different social classes has found that

In their judgement of identity, how does Mead differ from Freud?

The difference between social learning theory and psychoanalytic theory is that the social learning theory:

The central feature of social learning theory is that

From a sociological perspective, what a person becomes

Sociologists believe that socialization

Socialization is voluntary for most people.

Research on education in the U.S. implies that

The perspective considers the role of social perception in understanding the sociology of age.

In regard to the "nature versus nurture" debate, sociologists would tend to emphasize _.

The Sociological Perspective

Culture

Doing Sociological Research

Social Structure and Social Interaction

Groups and Organizations

Deviance and Crime

Social Class and Social Stratification

Global Stratification

Race and Ethnicity

Gender

Sexuality

Families and Religion

Education and Health Care

Economy and Politics

Environment Population and Social Change

Filters

Exam 4: Socialization and the Life Course

The term sociologists use to describe the institutionalized practice of age prejudice and discrimination is termed _____.

Compare the functionalist, conflict, and symbolic interactionist perspectives on the socialization process. Describe their major differences.

Social learning theory views identity as

What is the primary difference between psychoanalytic theory and social learning theory?

Mead's term for the passive, conforming self that reacts to others is the .

How does adult socialization differ from socialization at younger ages?

In her research on the socialization of White and Black families in working-class, middle-class, and poor backgrounds, Annette Lareau found that the

Socialization during childhood is often

To say that not only do people live in society, but society also lives in people, is to recognize socialization as a form of .

In sociology, the process by which groups and individuals within those groups are brought into conformity with dominant social expectations is called _.

National surveys on adolescents of different social classes has found that

In their judgement of identity, how does Mead differ from Freud?

The difference between social learning theory and psychoanalytic theory is that the social learning theory:

The central feature of social learning theory is that

From a sociological perspective, what a person becomes

Sociologists believe that socialization

Socialization is voluntary for most people.

Research on education in the U.S. implies that

The perspective considers the role of social perception in understanding the sociology of age.

In regard to the "nature versus nurture" debate, sociologists would tend to emphasize _.

The Sociological Perspective

Culture

Doing Sociological Research

Social Structure and Social Interaction

Groups and Organizations

Deviance and Crime

Social Class and Social Stratification

Global Stratification

Race and Ethnicity

Gender

Sexuality

Families and Religion

Education and Health Care

Economy and Politics

Environment Population and Social Change

Filters