Exam 9: What Genes Are

In a strand of double-stranded DNA,cytosine (C)will always be bound with

The adenine bases in a DNA molecule are radioactively labeled.The DNA is then placed in a solution containing unlabeled nucleotides and the enzymes needed for DNA replication.The DNA molecule is allowed to replicate twice,forming four new DNA molecules.The radioactively labeled adenine would be found in

When bases of DNA correctly bind to the complementary strand,

Once replication in a DNA molecule is complete,each new DNA molecule contains

When studying genomes of organisms,scientists often will only list the sequence of a single strand.Explain why the sequence of the second strand would be unnecessary information.

Mismatch errors are

The two strands of a DNA molecule are held together by ________ bonds between their base pairs.

Which of the following is NOT a base found in DNA?

Being in the sun for short stretches of time is not as likely to cause mutations as is being in the sun for long stretches of time.Explain why longer exposure to ultraviolet (UV)is more likely to cause mutations.

What part of a nucleotide accounts for the genetic variation between individuals?

It could help meet transplant needs to use a patient's own stem cells to grow a human liver in a pig embryo modified by CRISPR.As an additional and essential step in the process to ensure the liver is safe for the patient,CRISPR should be used to

A new copy of a double helix that is composed of a template strand and a newly replicated strand of DNA is created using ________ replication.

If the human transplant patient in the figure below needs a new kidney because of a genetic mutation that has made her own kidneys nonfunctional,what additional step would need to happen to produce a functional kidney for this patient?

Targeting the pol gene in pig DNA works to remove the 62 porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV)genes because the pol gene is typically ________ in all 62 copies of PERV genes and ________ in other pig genes.

In a single strand of DNA,the total number of phosphate groups present is equal to the total number of ________ bases.

The cells in tissue that produces mammalian sperm cells are rapidly reproducing to provide a continuous supply of sperm cells.Considering the effect of heat on double-stranded DNA,what is likely to happen to the production of mutation free sperm cells if this tissue is kept at a significantly warmer temperature than usual?

Compare the segment of DNA for normal hemoglobin DNA with the segment for sickle-cell hemoglobin DNA below.Sickle-cell disease is caused by a ________ mutation.

Are mutations always harmful? Justify your answer using an example.

A scientist uses polymerase chain reaction (PCR)to compare the sequence of a disease gene and a healthy gene.The scientist finds that these two genes are identical except for one G in place of a T at position 256 in the gene.This type of mutation is a(n)

Before using the CRISPR-Cas9 system to edit the pig genome,it is necessary to sequence the pig DNA to identify any copies of porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV)DNA.Knowing the PERV DNA sequences will help researchers determine which ________ sequences to use as guides for the CRISPR-Cas9 complex.