Question 1

A) Describe the general research findings on stereotype threat.
B) Describe one way in which the effects of stereotype threat can be reduced.

Accepted Answer

A) Research has shown that stereotyped groups perform worse than nonstereotyped groups when
they are being evaluated.
B) The effects can be reduced when the exam is presented as nonevaluative,when people are informed about the negative consequences of stereotype threat,when students write about important personal values before the threat-inducing situation,or when peer relations and social connections are strengthened.

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the relationship between schemas and stereotypes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stereotypes are the application of schemas to any situation,object,or person. 
B)  Stereotypes and schemas are the same thing. 
C)  Stereotypes are a type of schema based on an individual's group membership. 
D)  Schemas are only about objects,whereas stereotypes are only about people. 
A)  Stereotypes are the application of schemas to any situation,object,or person. 
B)  Stereotypes and schemas are the same thing. 
C)  Stereotypes are a type of schema based on an individual's group membership. 
D)  Schemas are only about objects,whereas stereotypes are only about people. C

Question 3

Lauren is baking a cake but realizes that she is missing ingredients.She has to make the cake, so she finds a new recipe that will work with the ingredients she has.Lauren is engaging in

Accepted Answer

A)  informal reasoning. 
B)  framing. 
C)  problem solving. 
D)  formal reasoning. 
A)  informal reasoning. 
B)  framing. 
C)  problem solving. 
D)  formal reasoning. C

Question 4

Marilyn is very skilled at crossword puzzles,in part because she has a lot of knowledge about crosswords that she acquired through experience.Her knowledge of crossword puzzle words reflects ________ intelligence.

Accepted Answer

A)  fluid 
B)  crystallized 
C)  creative 
D)  spatial 
A)  fluid 
B)  crystallized 
C)  creative 
D)  spatial

Question 5

When solving a problem using insight,the solution is reached

Accepted Answer

A)  by achieving one's subgoals. 
B)  suddenly when it just pops into one's head. 
C)  based on how similar the problem is to other problems. 
D)  by starting at the goal state and working backward. 
A)  by achieving one's subgoals. 
B)  suddenly when it just pops into one's head. 
C)  based on how similar the problem is to other problems. 
D)  by starting at the goal state and working backward.

Question 6

Before taking her calculus final,Heather reads a story about how men and women have equal abilities in math.As a result,Heather is ________ likely to do well on her exam because
Of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  more;positive role models 
B)  more;reduced stereotype threat 
C)  less;positive role models 
D)  less;reduced stereotype threat 
A)  more;positive role models 
B)  more;reduced stereotype threat 
C)  less;positive role models 
D)  less;reduced stereotype threat

Question 7

The idea that one single intelligence factor contributes to performance on all intellectual tasks is known as the ________ intelligence theory.

Accepted Answer

A)  general 
B)  single 
C)  fluid 
D)  crystallized 
A)  general 
B)  single 
C)  fluid 
D)  crystallized

Question 8

Jane is taking the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales (WAIS).Afterward,Jane says that she liked creating stories from different pictures and re-creating patterns with blocks.It appears
That Jane enjoyed the ________ scales of the test.

Accepted Answer

A)  performance 
B)  verbal 
C)  fluid 
D)  crystallized 
A)  performance 
B)  verbal 
C)  fluid 
D)  crystallized

Question 9

When you read the word cake on a menu,it is a(n) ________ representation.The picture of a cake on a menu is a(n) ________ representation.

Accepted Answer

A)  analogical;symbolic 
B)  symbolic;analogical 
C)  symbolic;conceptual 
D)  conceptual;symbolic 
A)  analogical;symbolic 
B)  symbolic;analogical 
C)  symbolic;conceptual 
D)  conceptual;symbolic

Question 10

A) Describe the difference between analogical and symbolic representations.
B) Provide an example of an analogical and a symbolical representation (one example each).

Accepted Answer

A) Analogical representations are mental

Question 11

Research has studied the relationship between breastfeeding during infancy and IQs later in childhood.According to these studies,

Accepted Answer

A)  the effect of breastfeeding on later childhood IQ can be explained by birth weight differences. 
B)  there is no relationship between breastfeeding and IQ in later childhood. 
C)  breastfeeding for the first three months was associated with an increase in IQ,but there was no relationship after three months. 
D)  breastfeeding for more than six months was associated with a five- to seven-point increase in IQ. 
A)  the effect of breastfeeding on later childhood IQ can be explained by birth weight differences. 
B)  there is no relationship between breastfeeding and IQ in later childhood. 
C)  breastfeeding for the first three months was associated with an increase in IQ,but there was no relationship after three months. 
D)  breastfeeding for more than six months was associated with a five- to seven-point increase in IQ.

Question 12

When you meet Joe,he tells you that he loves math and building computers and robots. You decide that Joe must be an engineering student and not a liberal arts student,even
Though there are more liberal arts students at your school.In making this decision,you
Have just used

Accepted Answer

A)  the representativeness heuristic. 
B)  an algorithm. 
C)  the availability heuristic. 
D)  an analogy. 
A)  the representativeness heuristic. 
B)  an algorithm. 
C)  the availability heuristic. 
D)  an analogy.

Question 13

You need to hire a new accountant for your company.However,you believe that men typically make better accountants than women do.If you want to avoid using this stereotype
In your hiring decision,what should you do?

Accepted Answer

A)  review the applications with the applicants' names removed 
B)  conduct the interviews over the phone instead of in person 
C)  conduct the interviews in person instead of over the phone 
D)  require applicants to submit photos of themselves with the application 
A)  review the applications with the applicants' names removed 
B)  conduct the interviews over the phone instead of in person 
C)  conduct the interviews in person instead of over the phone 
D)  require applicants to submit photos of themselves with the application

Question 14

A) Describe the difference between an aptitude and an achievement test.
B) Provide an example of each kind of test.
C) When would you be most likely to use each type of test?

Accepted Answer

A) An aptitude test measures a person's

Question 15

A) Explain the paradox of choice.
B) According to the research findings,who would you expect to sell more chocolate: a small store with only a few chocolates from which to choose or a large store with a large variety of chocolates from which to choose? Why? Explain your answer.

Accepted Answer

A) The paradox of choice is that althoug

Question 16

If you want to reduce the likelihood of stereotype threat during an exam,which of the following should you do?

Accepted Answer

A)  present the exam as nonevaluative 
B)  make sure that the test-takers are unaware of negative consequences of stereotype threat 
C)  make sure the test-takers are aware of how important the test is 
D)  present the exam as evaluative 
A)  present the exam as nonevaluative 
B)  make sure that the test-takers are unaware of negative consequences of stereotype threat 
C)  make sure the test-takers are aware of how important the test is 
D)  present the exam as evaluative

Question 17

Which of the following is one way in which stereotype threat interferes with performance?

Accepted Answer

A)  It reduces long-term memory capacity. 
B)  It reduces short-term memory capacity. 
C)  It disorganizes the processing of information in sensory memory. 
D)  It disorganizes the processing of information in long-term memory. 
A)  It reduces long-term memory capacity. 
B)  It reduces short-term memory capacity. 
C)  It disorganizes the processing of information in sensory memory. 
D)  It disorganizes the processing of information in long-term memory.

Question 18

Although many successful musicians may not have "book smarts," they certainly have the "street smarts" needed to succeed in the music industry.The theory of intelligence that best
Accounts for this observation about "book smarts" and "street smarts" in musicians is
The ________ theory.

Accepted Answer

A)  triarchic 
B)  general intelligence 
C)  emotional intelligence 
D)  crystallized intelligence 
A)  triarchic 
B)  general intelligence 
C)  emotional intelligence 
D)  crystallized intelligence

Question 19

When you use a city map to find your way to a restaurant,it has some physical characteristics of the actual objects-streets and their locations.Because of this,the map is a(n) ________
Representation.

Accepted Answer

A)  analogical 
B)  symbolic 
C)  exemplar 
D)  prototype 
A)  analogical 
B)  symbolic 
C)  exemplar 
D)  prototype

Question 20

Alina often has trouble understanding her own feelings and has difficulty recognizing when her friends are expressing their feelings.Alina probably has low ________ intelligence.

Accepted Answer

A)  fluid 
B)  practical 
C)  emotional 
D)  kinesthetic 
A)  fluid 
B)  practical 
C)  emotional 
D)  kinesthetic

A) Describe the general research findings on stereotype threat. B) Describe one way in which the effects of stereotype threat can be reduced.

Which of the following best describes the relationship between schemas and stereotypes?

Lauren is baking a cake but realizes that she is missing ingredients.She has to make the cake, so she finds a new recipe that will work with the ingredients she has.Lauren is engaging in

Marilyn is very skilled at crossword puzzles,in part because she has a lot of knowledge about crosswords that she acquired through experience.Her knowledge of crossword puzzle words reflects ________ intelligence.

When solving a problem using insight,the solution is reached

Before taking her calculus final,Heather reads a story about how men and women have equal abilities in math.As a result,Heather is likely to do well on her exam because Of .

The idea that one single intelligence factor contributes to performance on all intellectual tasks is known as the ________ intelligence theory.

Jane is taking the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales (WAIS).Afterward,Jane says that she liked creating stories from different pictures and re-creating patterns with blocks.It appears That Jane enjoyed the ________ scales of the test.

When you read the word cake on a menu,it is a(n) representation.The picture of a cake on a menu is a(n) representation.

A) Describe the difference between analogical and symbolic representations. B) Provide an example of an analogical and a symbolical representation (one example each).

Research has studied the relationship between breastfeeding during infancy and IQs later in childhood.According to these studies,

When you meet Joe,he tells you that he loves math and building computers and robots. You decide that Joe must be an engineering student and not a liberal arts student,even Though there are more liberal arts students at your school.In making this decision,you Have just used

You need to hire a new accountant for your company.However,you believe that men typically make better accountants than women do.If you want to avoid using this stereotype In your hiring decision,what should you do?

A) Describe the difference between an aptitude and an achievement test. B) Provide an example of each kind of test. C) When would you be most likely to use each type of test?

A) Explain the paradox of choice. B) According to the research findings,who would you expect to sell more chocolate: a small store with only a few chocolates from which to choose or a large store with a large variety of chocolates from which to choose? Why? Explain your answer.

If you want to reduce the likelihood of stereotype threat during an exam,which of the following should you do?

Which of the following is one way in which stereotype threat interferes with performance?

Although many successful musicians may not have "book smarts," they certainly have the "street smarts" needed to succeed in the music industry.The theory of intelligence that best Accounts for this observation about "book smarts" and "street smarts" in musicians is The ________ theory.

When you use a city map to find your way to a restaurant,it has some physical characteristics of the actual objects-streets and their locations.Because of this,the map is a(n) ________ Representation.

Alina often has trouble understanding her own feelings and has difficulty recognizing when her friends are expressing their feelings.Alina probably has low ________ intelligence.

Introducing the World of Psychology

The Role of Biology in Psychology

Consciousness

Development Across the Life Span

Sensation and Perception

Learning

Memory

Motivation and Emotion

Sex, gender, and Sexuality

Health and Well-Being

Social Psychology

Self and Personality

Psychological Disorders

Psychological Treatments

Filters

Exam 8: Thinking and Intelligence

A) Describe the general research findings on stereotype threat. B) Describe one way in which the effects of stereotype threat can be reduced.

Which of the following best describes the relationship between schemas and stereotypes?

Lauren is baking a cake but realizes that she is missing ingredients.She has to make the cake, so she finds a new recipe that will work with the ingredients she has.Lauren is engaging in

Marilyn is very skilled at crossword puzzles,in part because she has a lot of knowledge about crosswords that she acquired through experience.Her knowledge of crossword puzzle words reflects ________ intelligence.

When solving a problem using insight,the solution is reached

Before taking her calculus final,Heather reads a story about how men and women have equal abilities in math.As a result,Heather is ________ likely to do well on her exam because Of ________.

The idea that one single intelligence factor contributes to performance on all intellectual tasks is known as the ________ intelligence theory.

Jane is taking the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales (WAIS).Afterward,Jane says that she liked creating stories from different pictures and re-creating patterns with blocks.It appears That Jane enjoyed the ________ scales of the test.

When you read the word cake on a menu,it is a(n) ________ representation.The picture of a cake on a menu is a(n) ________ representation.

A) Describe the difference between analogical and symbolic representations. B) Provide an example of an analogical and a symbolical representation (one example each).

Research has studied the relationship between breastfeeding during infancy and IQs later in childhood.According to these studies,

When you meet Joe,he tells you that he loves math and building computers and robots. You decide that Joe must be an engineering student and not a liberal arts student,even Though there are more liberal arts students at your school.In making this decision,you Have just used

You need to hire a new accountant for your company.However,you believe that men typically make better accountants than women do.If you want to avoid using this stereotype In your hiring decision,what should you do?

A) Describe the difference between an aptitude and an achievement test. B) Provide an example of each kind of test. C) When would you be most likely to use each type of test?

A) Explain the paradox of choice. B) According to the research findings,who would you expect to sell more chocolate: a small store with only a few chocolates from which to choose or a large store with a large variety of chocolates from which to choose? Why? Explain your answer.

If you want to reduce the likelihood of stereotype threat during an exam,which of the following should you do?

Which of the following is one way in which stereotype threat interferes with performance?

Although many successful musicians may not have "book smarts," they certainly have the "street smarts" needed to succeed in the music industry.The theory of intelligence that best Accounts for this observation about "book smarts" and "street smarts" in musicians is The ________ theory.

When you use a city map to find your way to a restaurant,it has some physical characteristics of the actual objects-streets and their locations.Because of this,the map is a(n) ________ Representation.

Alina often has trouble understanding her own feelings and has difficulty recognizing when her friends are expressing their feelings.Alina probably has low ________ intelligence.

Introducing the World of Psychology

The Role of Biology in Psychology

Consciousness

Development Across the Life Span

Sensation and Perception

Learning

Memory

Motivation and Emotion

Sex, gender, and Sexuality

Health and Well-Being

Social Psychology

Self and Personality

Psychological Disorders

Psychological Treatments

Filters

Before taking her calculus final,Heather reads a story about how men and women have equal abilities in math.As a result,Heather is likely to do well on her exam because Of .

When you read the word cake on a menu,it is a(n) representation.The picture of a cake on a menu is a(n) representation.