Chat with AIExam 6: Learning
Shawn's daughter Violet has just started to crawl.Shawn is worried that Violet will start to play with the electrical outlet plugs.
A) Define classical conditioning.
B) Describe how Shawn might use classical conditioning to make Violet afraid of touching the electrical outlets.Be specific and include a description of each of the four steps of conditioning for this particular situation.
(36) 
VerifiedA) Classical conditioning is a type of learned response in which a neutral object comes to elicit a response when it is associated with a stimulus that already produces an innate (unlearned) response.
B) Answers will vary but should include correct identification of the US (stimulus that elicits a response that is innate),UR (a response that does not have to be learned,such as a reflex),CS (a stimulus that elicits a response only after learning has taken place),NS (a stimulus that is not associated with the UR),and CR (a response to a conditioned stimulus,a learned response) as well as the correct order of steps of CC.One example is US = banging on a pan,UR = shock/fear/crying,NS/CS = electrical outlet plugs,and CR = shock/fear/crying.Steps: (1) banging on a pan (US) startles and frightens Violet,causing her to cry (UR);(2) touching the electrical outlet plugs does not cause Violet to cry (NS);(3) each time Violet reaches for or touches the electrical outlet plugs (NS),Shawn will bang loudly on a pan (US);and (4) after a period of time,Violet will associate the outlet plugs with fear (CS) and will cry upon sight of the outlet (CR).
Mario believes that his son is learning to be aggressive because he plays violent video games. In what way could observational learning explain the connection Mario sees between media
And his son's behavior?
(28) VerifiedC
Ben's father,Sean,is very authoritative.He often puts Ben in a time-out for fighting with his sister,takes away his favorite toy when he stays up past his bedtime,and restricts his daily TV time if he does not get good grades.Ben's mother,Tanya,is friendly and supportive.She frequently takes Ben for ice cream when he does well on his homework assignments,praises him when he comes home from tennis practice,and gives him a weekly allowance if he completes his chores.
A) Write a definition of operant conditioning.
B) Are Sean and Tanya using reinforcement or punishment? Be specific in explaining your answer.How do you know which one each parent is using?
C) Give one example of how Sean could use the Premack principle to get Ben to go to bed on time.
(32) VerifiedA) Operant conditioning is a learning process in which the consequences of a behavior determine whether it will be performed again in the future.
B) Sean is using punishment (aimed at decreasing the likelihood of Ben's behaviors) and Tanya is using reinforcement (aimed at increasing the likelihood of Ben's behaviors).
C) The Premack principle suggests that a more valued activity can be used to reinforce a less valued activity.Examples will vary.One possibility is if Ben does not like (or "value") going to bed,then he could be reinforced with something he likes better.For example,for each night that he goes to bed on time,he can choose the radio station for the ride to school the next morning,he can have 15 extra minutes of story time before bed the next night,or he can take a special toy to school with him.
Samuel always receives a painful shock when he turns on the lamp in his study.After a while, Samuel refuses to touch the switch on the lamp.The lamp switch was a(n) ________
Stimulus that elicited a(n) ________ response after a period of time.
(32) A) Describe non-associative learning and associative learning.
B) Name and explain one type of non-associative learning.
C) Explain how non-associative learning is helpful because it allows people to adapt to their environments.
(30) Reynold believes that reinforcement affects the performance of a behavior more than the acquisition of knowledge.Reynold's belief is consistent with the ideas of the cognitive theorist
(28) If Carlos wants to use classical conditioning so his three-year-old sister learns to be afraid of dogs,he should
(36) Ellie hates it when her teenagers leave their dirty clothes on the floor.If Ellie decides to use the Premack principle to help her teens change their behavior,she should ________ to
Reward them for doing a less valued activity.
(24) Sasha finds it funny that when she makes a silly face,her infant daughter,Penelope,tries to make the same silly face.As a psychologist who studies learning,Sasha knows that when
Penelope observes Sasha's face,Penelope's ________ is/are active.
(33) Claire wants to write a paper about how often animals use observational learning.Which of the following should Claire NOT include as evidence to support her point that animals use
Observational learning?
(40) You want to teach your dog to stop scratching at the door when he wants to go out.You do so by swatting his nose with a newspaper each time he scratches the door.By creating
Consequences for your dog's behavior,you have used ________ to train him.
(35) Miranda is learning how to play tennis.She has a unique way of hitting a backhand shot,but after a lesson with a professional instructor,Miranda changes her backhand technique to
Imitate the instructor's method of
(39) Professor McCready wants to study animal learning by putting birds in a cage where they have to figure out how to peck a button to receive food.Professor McCready is using
________ to modify animal behavior.
(32) Danielle is a mean preschool teacher and wants to teach her students to fear the school principal,who comes to check on their classroom at the same time every day.She attempts to use classical conditioning by turning off the classroom lights (US) immediately before the principal comes in (NS).The resulting darkness causes the children to be naturally fearful (UR).After a few weeks of trying this,Danielle is disappointed that the children do not seem to be developing a fear of the principal.
A) Using your knowledge of the four steps of classical conditioning,explain why Danielle has not been able to create a fear response in her students.Be sure to include the US,UR,CS,and CR in your answer.
B) Assuming that Danielle is able to use classical conditioning correctly,explain one other factor that might influence how well the children learn this association.
(34) When using positive punishment as a means of discipline,the word positive indicates
(30) Samantha tells her roommate that negative reinforcement and negative punishment are similar because they
(39) Tripp is serving a 10-year prison sentence when he is informed by his parole board that he is getting out of jail early for good behavior.If the early release has the effect of increasing
Tripp's good behavior in the future,then decrease of time in prison is an example of
(29) William is an observant teenager who encounters many different types of people as he goes about his day.Which of the following people is William LEAST likely to model?
(34) Lenny needs to quickly train his cows to use one specific field when they graze.The reinforcement that will allow the cows to learn most quickly is ________ reinforcement.
(33) Every Saturday,Vaughn watches a TV show featuring a chef making new recipes.The chef always throws a pinch of salt over his shoulder when seasoning the dishes.Now,whenever
Vaughn cooks,he also throws salt over his shoulder.This modification of Vaughn's behavior
Is due to
(34) 
Filters
- Essay(0)
- Multiple Choice(0)
- Short Answer(0)
- True False(0)
- Matching(0)