Question 1

For Mowrer,______.

Accepted Answer

A) fear has some influence,but is not of major importance in why the animal avoids escaping the feared stimulus 
B) although it appears we are avoiding painful events,we are actually escaping a feared stimulus 
C) the avoidance behavior and the escape behavior are the same 
D) terminating the feared stimulus increases fear in the future 
A) fear has some influence,but is not of major importance in why the animal avoids escaping the feared stimulus 
B) although it appears we are avoiding painful events,we are actually escaping a feared stimulus 
C) the avoidance behavior and the escape behavior are the same 
D) terminating the feared stimulus increases fear in the future B

Question 2

Matching law assumes that when an animal has access to different schedules of reinforcement,the animal allocates its response to one schedule.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

The persistence of avoidance behavior depends on the duration of exposure to the feared stimulus.That is,the longer the exposure,the weaker the avoidance response.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

Joel is trying to extinguish his fear of heights.For Levis and Boyd,Joel needs to do which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) climb a tall ladder several times 
B) climb halfway up the ladder,then three quarters of the way,then finally up to the top 
C) remain at the top of the ladder for as long as possible 
D) climb to the top of the ladder,then come back down until they no longer report fear 
A) climb a tall ladder several times 
B) climb halfway up the ladder,then three quarters of the way,then finally up to the top 
C) remain at the top of the ladder for as long as possible 
D) climb to the top of the ladder,then come back down until they no longer report fear

Question 5

Which of the following statements best describes Mowrer's two-factor theory of avoidance conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A) The subject learns an expectation that an aversive event will occur unless a response is made. 
B) The subject experiences fear at the occurrence of the response which produces elation in an opponent-process mechanism. 
C) Fear,conditioned to cues in the environment,motivates the occurrence of the avoidance response. 
D) After the avoidance response,the animal is rewarded by the absence of shock that motivates the next response. 
A) The subject learns an expectation that an aversive event will occur unless a response is made. 
B) The subject experiences fear at the occurrence of the response which produces elation in an opponent-process mechanism. 
C) Fear,conditioned to cues in the environment,motivates the occurrence of the avoidance response. 
D) After the avoidance response,the animal is rewarded by the absence of shock that motivates the next response.

Question 6

Applications of probability-differential theory has been successful in ______.

Accepted Answer

A) increasing academic performance and mentally retarded students 
B) increasing sales among salespersons 
C) improving work performance in fast-food restaurants 
D) all of these are correct 
A) increasing academic performance and mentally retarded students 
B) increasing sales among salespersons 
C) improving work performance in fast-food restaurants 
D) all of these are correct

Question 7

Response deprivation theory was developed by ______.

Accepted Answer

A) Skinner 
B) Premack 
C) Timberlake and Allison 
D) Herrnstein 
A) Skinner 
B) Premack 
C) Timberlake and Allison 
D) Herrnstein

Question 8

A rat is placed in an operant chamber with two bars.On Bar A,the rat is reinforced on a FR 10 schedule,while on Bar B the rat is reinforced on a FR 40 schedule.According to maximizing theory,the rat will respond ______.

Accepted Answer

A) only on Bar A 
B) only on Bar B 
C) on both A and B 
D) The rat will stop responding. 
A) only on Bar A 
B) only on Bar B 
C) on both A and B 
D) The rat will stop responding.

Question 9

The matching law has been successfully applied to ______.

Accepted Answer

A) basketball 
B) consumer choice behavior 
C) baseball 
D) all of these 
A) basketball 
B) consumer choice behavior 
C) baseball 
D) all of these

Question 10

According to Premack,when a parent wants a child to do homework,the parent should allow the child to play their favorite game before starting homework.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Levis and Boyd contend ______.

Accepted Answer

A) the duration of exposure to the conditioned stimulus determines the fear reduction 
B) the number of extinction trials is important to the fear reduction response 
C) the greater the conditioned stimulus is presented,the less fear that occurs 
D) the quality of the conditioned stimulus creates the fear reduction response 
A) the duration of exposure to the conditioned stimulus determines the fear reduction 
B) the number of extinction trials is important to the fear reduction response 
C) the greater the conditioned stimulus is presented,the less fear that occurs 
D) the quality of the conditioned stimulus creates the fear reduction response

Question 12

According to the behavior allocation view,changing from a 1:2 contingency to a 1:1 or 2:1 contingency has what effect on the desired behavior?

Accepted Answer

A) It increases the behavior. 
B) It increases the asymptote of the behavior. 
C) It decreases the behavior. 
D) It has no effect on the behavior. 
A) It increases the behavior. 
B) It increases the asymptote of the behavior. 
C) It decreases the behavior. 
D) It has no effect on the behavior.

Question 13

In grade school children,coloring is a higher probability behavior than doing math problems.If the opportunity to do math problems is restricted,math problems should be able to serve as a reinforcer according to ______.

Accepted Answer

A) drive reduction theory 
B) probability-differential theory 
C) response deprivation theory 
D) maximum deflection theory 
A) drive reduction theory 
B) probability-differential theory 
C) response deprivation theory 
D) maximum deflection theory

Question 14

Increasing access to low-probability behavior increases the level of a high-probability behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which brain structure encodes for the probability of success and the value of success in choice situations?

Accepted Answer

A) the parietal lobe 
B) the thalamus 
C) the hippocampus 
D) the prefrontal cortex 
A) the parietal lobe 
B) the thalamus 
C) the hippocampus 
D) the prefrontal cortex

Question 16

Which statement is correct?

Accepted Answer

A) High-probability activities are more reinforcing than low-probability activities. 
B) Low-probability activities are more reinforcing than high-probability activities. 
C) High-probability activities and low-probability activities have no differences in their reinforcement value. 
D) Low-probability activities create opportunities for high-reinforcing activities. 
A) High-probability activities are more reinforcing than low-probability activities. 
B) Low-probability activities are more reinforcing than high-probability activities. 
C) High-probability activities and low-probability activities have no differences in their reinforcement value. 
D) Low-probability activities create opportunities for high-reinforcing activities.

Question 17

Mowrer's two-factor theory of punishment contends fear is not important for the environmental events present during punishment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which of the following is correct?

Accepted Answer

A) Playing with toys will decrease the completion rates of doing math problems. 
B) Getting time off will decrease the rates of selling cars. 
C) Getting time off will increase the rates of selling magazines. 
D) Getting a paid lunch will decrease the rates of selling cars. 
A) Playing with toys will decrease the completion rates of doing math problems. 
B) Getting time off will decrease the rates of selling cars. 
C) Getting time off will increase the rates of selling magazines. 
D) Getting a paid lunch will decrease the rates of selling cars.

Question 19

Timberlake and Allison's model contends that a child who does not like to take out the garbage could be made to increase that behavior if the child is first prevented from doing so for a period of time.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which model predicts that the animal emits the minimum number of responses to obtain the maximum level of reinforcing activities?

Accepted Answer

A) set point theory 
B) free operant theory 
C) behavioral allocation view 
D) response deprivation theory. 
A) set point theory 
B) free operant theory 
C) behavioral allocation view 
D) response deprivation theory.

For Mowrer,______.

Matching law assumes that when an animal has access to different schedules of reinforcement,the animal allocates its response to one schedule.

The persistence of avoidance behavior depends on the duration of exposure to the feared stimulus.That is,the longer the exposure,the weaker the avoidance response.

Joel is trying to extinguish his fear of heights.For Levis and Boyd,Joel needs to do which of the following?

Which of the following statements best describes Mowrer's two-factor theory of avoidance conditioning?

Applications of probability-differential theory has been successful in ______.

Response deprivation theory was developed by ______.

A rat is placed in an operant chamber with two bars.On Bar A,the rat is reinforced on a FR 10 schedule,while on Bar B the rat is reinforced on a FR 40 schedule.According to maximizing theory,the rat will respond ______.

The matching law has been successfully applied to ______.

According to Premack,when a parent wants a child to do homework,the parent should allow the child to play their favorite game before starting homework.

Levis and Boyd contend ______.

According to the behavior allocation view,changing from a 1:2 contingency to a 1:1 or 2:1 contingency has what effect on the desired behavior?

In grade school children,coloring is a higher probability behavior than doing math problems.If the opportunity to do math problems is restricted,math problems should be able to serve as a reinforcer according to ______.

Increasing access to low-probability behavior increases the level of a high-probability behavior.

Which brain structure encodes for the probability of success and the value of success in choice situations?

Which statement is correct?

Mowrer's two-factor theory of punishment contends fear is not important for the environmental events present during punishment.

Which of the following is correct?

Timberlake and Allison's model contends that a child who does not like to take out the garbage could be made to increase that behavior if the child is first prevented from doing so for a period of time.

Which model predicts that the animal emits the minimum number of responses to obtain the maximum level of reinforcing activities?

An Introduction to Learning

The Modification of Instinctive Behavior

Principles and Applications of Pavlovian Conditioning

Theories of Pavlovian Conditioning

Principles and Applications of Appetitive Conditioning

Principles and Applications of Aversive Conditioning

Biological Influences on Learning

Traditional Learning Theories

Stimulus Control of Behavior

Cognitive Control of Behavior

The Storage of Our Experiences

Memory Retrieval and Forgetting

Filters

Exam 7: Theories of Appetitive and Aversive Conditioning

For Mowrer,______.

Matching law assumes that when an animal has access to different schedules of reinforcement,the animal allocates its response to one schedule.

The persistence of avoidance behavior depends on the duration of exposure to the feared stimulus.That is,the longer the exposure,the weaker the avoidance response.

Joel is trying to extinguish his fear of heights.For Levis and Boyd,Joel needs to do which of the following?

Which of the following statements best describes Mowrer's two-factor theory of avoidance conditioning?

Applications of probability-differential theory has been successful in ______.

Response deprivation theory was developed by ______.

A rat is placed in an operant chamber with two bars.On Bar A,the rat is reinforced on a FR 10 schedule,while on Bar B the rat is reinforced on a FR 40 schedule.According to maximizing theory,the rat will respond ______.

The matching law has been successfully applied to ______.

According to Premack,when a parent wants a child to do homework,the parent should allow the child to play their favorite game before starting homework.

Levis and Boyd contend ______.

According to the behavior allocation view,changing from a 1:2 contingency to a 1:1 or 2:1 contingency has what effect on the desired behavior?

In grade school children,coloring is a higher probability behavior than doing math problems.If the opportunity to do math problems is restricted,math problems should be able to serve as a reinforcer according to ______.

Increasing access to low-probability behavior increases the level of a high-probability behavior.

Which brain structure encodes for the probability of success and the value of success in choice situations?

Which statement is correct?

Mowrer's two-factor theory of punishment contends fear is not important for the environmental events present during punishment.

Which of the following is correct?

Timberlake and Allison's model contends that a child who does not like to take out the garbage could be made to increase that behavior if the child is first prevented from doing so for a period of time.

Which model predicts that the animal emits the minimum number of responses to obtain the maximum level of reinforcing activities?

An Introduction to Learning

The Modification of Instinctive Behavior

Principles and Applications of Pavlovian Conditioning

Theories of Pavlovian Conditioning

Principles and Applications of Appetitive Conditioning

Principles and Applications of Aversive Conditioning

Biological Influences on Learning

Traditional Learning Theories

Stimulus Control of Behavior

Cognitive Control of Behavior

The Storage of Our Experiences

Memory Retrieval and Forgetting

Filters