Question 1

Any event that increases the probability of the behavior occurring is called ______.

Accepted Answer

A) reinforcement 
B) contingency responding 
C) instrumental conditioning 
D) behavioral contrast 
A) reinforcement 
B) contingency responding 
C) instrumental conditioning 
D) behavioral contrast A

Question 2

Steve has been writing and receiving grants for a university for the past 10 years.However,when he recently asked for a raise in his salary,it was denied.As a result,Steve's grant writing behavior has significantly decreased.Steve is experiencing a ______ effect.

Accepted Answer

A) behavioral contrast 
B) serial position 
C) positive contrast 
D) negative contrast 
A) behavioral contrast 
B) serial position 
C) positive contrast 
D) negative contrast D

Question 3

A child throws tantrums in a grocery store.After several experiences,the parent decides to extinguish the behavior.After a period of time,the temper tantrums decrease and stop.One day,the child throws a tantrum and the parent gives a piece of candy.The next time the child goes to the grocery store,they again throw a tantrum but this time the parent does not give the candy.The following time,when the child goes to the grocery store they throw a more intense tantrum than they did before.When this type of behavior occurs,it is called ______.

Accepted Answer

A) a fixed-ratio schedule 
B) a partial reinforcement effect 
C) the behavioral contrast effect 
D) a contingent reinforcement effect 
A) a fixed-ratio schedule 
B) a partial reinforcement effect 
C) the behavioral contrast effect 
D) a contingent reinforcement effect B

Question 4

If I want to increase your job performance,what should I do?

Accepted Answer

A) place you on a DRO schedule 
B) increase your salary 
C) place you on a fixed-interval schedule of reinforcement 
D) place you on a variable interval of such reinforcement 
A) place you on a DRO schedule 
B) increase your salary 
C) place you on a fixed-interval schedule of reinforcement 
D) place you on a variable interval of such reinforcement

Question 5

Ratio schedules of reinforcement are based on ______,while interval schedules of reinforcement are based on ______.

Accepted Answer

A) responses; time 
B) responses; reinforcers 
C) time; responses 
D) time; amounts of reinforcers 
A) responses; time 
B) responses; reinforcers 
C) time; responses 
D) time; amounts of reinforcers

Question 6

Steve is waiting for an important check from the IRS.He begins to check his mail starting at 9 o'clock in the morning and checks it every hour throughout the day.This is an example of a ______.

Accepted Answer

A) fixed-ratio schedule 
B) variable-ratio schedule 
C) fixed-interval schedule 
D) variable-interval schedule 
A) fixed-ratio schedule 
B) variable-ratio schedule 
C) fixed-interval schedule 
D) variable-interval schedule

Question 7

Explanations for partial reinforcement effect do not include ______.

Accepted Answer

A) frustration theory 
B) sequential theory 
C) contrast theory 
D) none of these are correct 
A) frustration theory 
B) sequential theory 
C) contrast theory 
D) none of these are correct

Question 8

Provide an example of a DRH,DRL,and DRO schedule.

Accepted Answer

DRH: Reinforcement is made contingent on

Question 9

Steve is an avid cell phone user.He checks it all the time.One day,Steve could not find his cell phone.As a result,Steve became anxious and upset.After looking in the car,he found it and became relaxed.When finding the cell phone causes Steve to become relaxed,this is referred to as ______.

Accepted Answer

A) primary reinforcement 
B) positive reinforcement 
C) negative reinforcement 
D) conditioning contrast 
A) primary reinforcement 
B) positive reinforcement 
C) negative reinforcement 
D) conditioning contrast

Question 10

To get a behavior to occur the first time,one should use ______.

Accepted Answer

A) large amounts of primary reinforcers 
B) large amounts of secondary reinforcers 
C) large amounts of tertiary reinforcers 
D) shaping by successive approximations 
A) large amounts of primary reinforcers 
B) large amounts of secondary reinforcers 
C) large amounts of tertiary reinforcers 
D) shaping by successive approximations

Question 11

Ratio schedules are based on the amount of time that passes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

I am trying to start my lawn mower.I pull the starting cord 20 times and it doesn't start.I then wait 1 min and pull the cord another 20 times and it still doesn't start.I then decide to take a break.After waiting for 5 min,I come back and pull the cord and the lawn mower starts.This is an example of which type of schedule of reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A) variable-interval 
B) variable-ratio 
C) DRO schedule 
D) DRL schedule 
A) variable-interval 
B) variable-ratio 
C) DRO schedule 
D) DRL schedule

Question 13

When a response is no longer followed by reinforcer and that response begins to decrease,this is called ______.

Accepted Answer

A) extinction 
B) differential reinforcement 
C) punishment 
D) DRH behavior 
A) extinction 
B) differential reinforcement 
C) punishment 
D) DRH behavior

Question 14

One way to achieve high responding is to ______.

Accepted Answer

A) have a long delay between the response and reinforcer 
B) increase the reward magnitude 
C) use a variable-interval schedule 
D) none of these are correct 
A) have a long delay between the response and reinforcer 
B) increase the reward magnitude 
C) use a variable-interval schedule 
D) none of these are correct

Question 15

John is a waiter in a restaurant.One day a patron begins to yell at John.As a result,John pours water all over the patron's head.As a result,the patron stops yelling.For John,this is an example of ______.

Accepted Answer

A) conditional punishment 
B) primary reinforcement 
C) secondary reinforcement 
D) negative reinforcement 
A) conditional punishment 
B) primary reinforcement 
C) secondary reinforcement 
D) negative reinforcement

Question 16

Playing a slot machine is an example of a variable-interval schedule.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

An organism is responding to a stimulus at a high steady rate in an operant chamber.The organism is then placed on extinction and the behavior decreases to zero.Once done,the organism is then taken and placed in its home cage for several hours.When the organism is again placed back in the operant chamber,what will occur?

Accepted Answer

A) The behavior will return to the same rate as it was before. 
B) The behavior will return to the same rate,then decrease to the same rate as it was before. 
C) The behavior will return to a lower rate,then decrease to zero. 
D) The behavior will return to a lower rate,then increase to the same rate as it was before. 
A) The behavior will return to the same rate as it was before. 
B) The behavior will return to the same rate,then decrease to the same rate as it was before. 
C) The behavior will return to a lower rate,then decrease to zero. 
D) The behavior will return to a lower rate,then increase to the same rate as it was before.

Question 18

Tokens are an effective way of changing behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Nonreward can increase rather than decrease the intensity of the behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The behavior problem is defined in the ______ stage in contingency management.

Accepted Answer

A) implementation 
B) concluding 
C) assessment 
D) contracting 
A) implementation 
B) concluding 
C) assessment 
D) contracting

Any event that increases the probability of the behavior occurring is called ______.

Steve has been writing and receiving grants for a university for the past 10 years.However,when he recently asked for a raise in his salary,it was denied.As a result,Steve's grant writing behavior has significantly decreased.Steve is experiencing a ______ effect.

If I want to increase your job performance,what should I do?

Ratio schedules of reinforcement are based on ,while interval schedules of reinforcement are based on .

Steve is waiting for an important check from the IRS.He begins to check his mail starting at 9 o'clock in the morning and checks it every hour throughout the day.This is an example of a ______.

Explanations for partial reinforcement effect do not include ______.

Provide an example of a DRH,DRL,and DRO schedule.

Steve is an avid cell phone user.He checks it all the time.One day,Steve could not find his cell phone.As a result,Steve became anxious and upset.After looking in the car,he found it and became relaxed.When finding the cell phone causes Steve to become relaxed,this is referred to as ______.

To get a behavior to occur the first time,one should use ______.

Ratio schedules are based on the amount of time that passes.

When a response is no longer followed by reinforcer and that response begins to decrease,this is called ______.

One way to achieve high responding is to ______.

John is a waiter in a restaurant.One day a patron begins to yell at John.As a result,John pours water all over the patron's head.As a result,the patron stops yelling.For John,this is an example of ______.

Playing a slot machine is an example of a variable-interval schedule.

Tokens are an effective way of changing behavior.

Nonreward can increase rather than decrease the intensity of the behavior.

The behavior problem is defined in the ______ stage in contingency management.

An Introduction to Learning

The Modification of Instinctive Behavior

Principles and Applications of Pavlovian Conditioning

Theories of Pavlovian Conditioning

Principles and Applications of Aversive Conditioning

Theories of Appetitive and Aversive Conditioning

Biological Influences on Learning

Traditional Learning Theories

Stimulus Control of Behavior

Cognitive Control of Behavior

The Storage of Our Experiences

Memory Retrieval and Forgetting

Filters

Exam 5: Principles and Applications of Appetitive Conditioning

Any event that increases the probability of the behavior occurring is called ______.

Steve has been writing and receiving grants for a university for the past 10 years.However,when he recently asked for a raise in his salary,it was denied.As a result,Steve's grant writing behavior has significantly decreased.Steve is experiencing a ______ effect.

If I want to increase your job performance,what should I do?

Ratio schedules of reinforcement are based on ______,while interval schedules of reinforcement are based on ______.

Steve is waiting for an important check from the IRS.He begins to check his mail starting at 9 o'clock in the morning and checks it every hour throughout the day.This is an example of a ______.

Explanations for partial reinforcement effect do not include ______.

Provide an example of a DRH,DRL,and DRO schedule.

Steve is an avid cell phone user.He checks it all the time.One day,Steve could not find his cell phone.As a result,Steve became anxious and upset.After looking in the car,he found it and became relaxed.When finding the cell phone causes Steve to become relaxed,this is referred to as ______.

To get a behavior to occur the first time,one should use ______.

Ratio schedules are based on the amount of time that passes.

When a response is no longer followed by reinforcer and that response begins to decrease,this is called ______.

One way to achieve high responding is to ______.

John is a waiter in a restaurant.One day a patron begins to yell at John.As a result,John pours water all over the patron's head.As a result,the patron stops yelling.For John,this is an example of ______.

Playing a slot machine is an example of a variable-interval schedule.

Tokens are an effective way of changing behavior.

Nonreward can increase rather than decrease the intensity of the behavior.

The behavior problem is defined in the ______ stage in contingency management.

An Introduction to Learning

The Modification of Instinctive Behavior

Principles and Applications of Pavlovian Conditioning

Theories of Pavlovian Conditioning

Principles and Applications of Aversive Conditioning

Theories of Appetitive and Aversive Conditioning

Biological Influences on Learning

Traditional Learning Theories

Stimulus Control of Behavior

Cognitive Control of Behavior

The Storage of Our Experiences

Memory Retrieval and Forgetting

Filters

Ratio schedules of reinforcement are based on ,while interval schedules of reinforcement are based on .