Question 1

Which of the following statements is NOT correct?

Accepted Answer

A) Dendritic spines mediate learning that lasts, including habituation and sensitization. 
B) Dendritic spines are designed to act only in unison. 
C) Dendritic spines may appear or disappear on a dendrite in a matter of seconds. 
D) Dendritic spines, when forming a synapse, can change in size and shape and can even divide. 
A) Dendritic spines mediate learning that lasts, including habituation and sensitization. 
B) Dendritic spines are designed to act only in unison. 
C) Dendritic spines may appear or disappear on a dendrite in a matter of seconds. 
D) Dendritic spines, when forming a synapse, can change in size and shape and can even divide.

Question 2

What are the three ways a synapse can change in order to accommodate learning?

Accepted Answer

The three ways a synapse can change in o

Question 3

In order for neurotransmitters to be released, _____ must enter the terminal button.

Accepted Answer

A) Na+ 
B) Ca2+ 
C) K+ 
D) Cl- 
A) Na+ 
B) Ca2+ 
C) K+ 
D) Cl-

Question 4

A synaptic vesicle contains:

Accepted Answer

A) neurotransmitters. 
B) structural proteins. 
C) DNA. 
D) neurotransmitters, structural proteins, and DNA. 
A) neurotransmitters. 
B) structural proteins. 
C) DNA. 
D) neurotransmitters, structural proteins, and DNA.

Question 5

There are more chemical synapses than electrical synapses in the mammalian nervous system because chemical synapses:

Accepted Answer

A) transmit signals more quickly. 
B) allow better control of messages passed between neurons. 
C) send only excitatory signals. 
D) cannot be modified by learning. 
A) transmit signals more quickly. 
B) allow better control of messages passed between neurons. 
C) send only excitatory signals. 
D) cannot be modified by learning.

Question 6

Ultimately Ca2+ serves to aid neural transmission by:

Accepted Answer

A) causing an action potential. 
B) helping to make neurotransmitters. 
C) opening K+ channels on axon terminals. 
D) causing the release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. 
A) causing an action potential. 
B) helping to make neurotransmitters. 
C) opening K+ channels on axon terminals. 
D) causing the release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft.

Question 7

A chemical that has not yet met all the conditions to constitute a neurotransmitter is referred to as a(n):

Accepted Answer

A) chemical signaler. 
B) secondary messenger. 
C) putative neurotransmitter. 
D) unclassified neurotransmitter. 
A) chemical signaler. 
B) secondary messenger. 
C) putative neurotransmitter. 
D) unclassified neurotransmitter.

Question 8

Which determines whether a message will be excitatory or inhibitory?

Accepted Answer

A) neurotransmitters and their receptors 
B) the ion channel and its receptor 
C) neurons and their ion channels 
D) the selective activation of hormones 
A) neurotransmitters and their receptors 
B) the ion channel and its receptor 
C) neurons and their ion channels 
D) the selective activation of hormones

Question 9

A second-messenger system can:

Accepted Answer

A) alter ion flow through the membrane channels. 
B) cause a series of reactions that result in the formation of new membrane ion channels. 
C) initiate or cease the production of specific proteins. 
D) All of the answers are correct. 
A) alter ion flow through the membrane channels. 
B) cause a series of reactions that result in the formation of new membrane ion channels. 
C) initiate or cease the production of specific proteins. 
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 10

_____ synapses send signals from one axon to another axon.

Accepted Answer

A) Axoaxonic 
B) Axodendritic 
C) Dendrodendritic 
D) Axosynaptic 
A) Axoaxonic 
B) Axodendritic 
C) Dendrodendritic 
D) Axosynaptic

Question 11

Interneuronal communication may occur via _____ gap junctions.

Accepted Answer

A) axoaxonic and dendrodendritic 
B) dendrodendritic and somasomatic 
C) somasomatic and axoaxonic 
D) All of the answers are correct. 
A) axoaxonic and dendrodendritic 
B) dendrodendritic and somasomatic 
C) somasomatic and axoaxonic 
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 12

Which of the following terms is NOT associated with metabotropic receptors?

Accepted Answer

A) second messengers 
B) G proteins 
C) alpha subunits 
D) All of these terms are associated with metabotropic receptors. 
A) second messengers 
B) G proteins 
C) alpha subunits 
D) All of these terms are associated with metabotropic receptors.

Question 13

What is the difference between axoaxonic and axosynaptic synapses?

Accepted Answer

Axoaxonic and axosynaptic synapses are t

Question 14

What are the four steps involved in transmitting information across a chemical synapse?

Accepted Answer

The transmission of information across a

Question 15

When a neurotransmitter diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to a transmitter-activated receptor, which of the following may occur in the postsynaptic cell?

Accepted Answer

A) membrane depolarization 
B) membrane hyperpolarization 
C) initiation of chemical reactions 
D) All of the answers are correct. 
A) membrane depolarization 
B) membrane hyperpolarization 
C) initiation of chemical reactions 
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT an amino acid neurotransmitter?

Accepted Answer

A) dopamine 
B) glutamate 
C) glycine 
D) GABA 
A) dopamine 
B) glutamate 
C) glycine 
D) GABA

Question 17

Symptoms of _____ may be related to decreased activity in serotonin neurons.

Accepted Answer

A) depression 
B) schizophrenia 
C) Alzheimer disease 
D) mania 
A) depression 
B) schizophrenia 
C) Alzheimer disease 
D) mania

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a criterion for which neurotransmitters are identified?

Accepted Answer

A) synthesis 
B) release 
C) receptor activation 
D) reuptake 
A) synthesis 
B) release 
C) receptor activation 
D) reuptake

Question 19

Ionotropic receptors:

Accepted Answer

A) change in shape when neurotransmitters bind to them. 
B) have no openings for ion diffusion. 
C) activate second messenger systems. 
D) are more metabolically expensive than metabotropic receptors. 
A) change in shape when neurotransmitters bind to them. 
B) have no openings for ion diffusion. 
C) activate second messenger systems. 
D) are more metabolically expensive than metabotropic receptors.

Question 20

Increasing the number of synapses to account for learning involves _____, leading to the activation of _____, a second messenger.

Accepted Answer

A) calcium; cGMP 
B) potassium; cAMP 
C) calcium; cAMP 
D) sodium; cGMP 
A) calcium; cGMP 
B) potassium; cAMP 
C) calcium; cAMP 
D) sodium; cGMP

Which of the following statements is NOT correct?

What are the three ways a synapse can change in order to accommodate learning?

In order for neurotransmitters to be released, _____ must enter the terminal button.

A synaptic vesicle contains:

There are more chemical synapses than electrical synapses in the mammalian nervous system because chemical synapses:

Ultimately Ca²⁺ serves to aid neural transmission by:

A chemical that has not yet met all the conditions to constitute a neurotransmitter is referred to as a(n):

Which determines whether a message will be excitatory or inhibitory?

A second-messenger system can:

_____ synapses send signals from one axon to another axon.

Interneuronal communication may occur via _____ gap junctions.

Which of the following terms is NOT associated with metabotropic receptors?

What is the difference between axoaxonic and axosynaptic synapses?

What are the four steps involved in transmitting information across a chemical synapse?

When a neurotransmitter diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to a transmitter-activated receptor, which of the following may occur in the postsynaptic cell?

Which of the following is NOT an amino acid neurotransmitter?

Symptoms of _____ may be related to decreased activity in serotonin neurons.

Which of the following is NOT a criterion for which neurotransmitters are identified?

Ionotropic receptors:

Increasing the number of synapses to account for learning involves _, leading to the activation of _, a second messenger.

What Are the Origins of Brain and Behavior

What Is the Nervous Systems Functional Anatomy

What Are the Nervous Systems Functional Units

How Do Neurons Use Electrical Signals to Transmit Information

How Do Drugs and Hormones Influence the Brain and Behavior

How Do We Study the Brains Structures and Functions

How Does the Nervous System Develop and Adapt

How Do We Sense, Perceive, and See the World

How Do We Hear, Speak, and Make Music

How Does the Nervous System Respond to Stimulation and Produce Movement

What Causes Emotional and Motivated Behavior

Why Do We Sleep and Dream

How Do We Learn and Remember

How Does the Brain Think

What Happens When the Brain Misbehaves

Filters

Exam 5: How Do Neurons Communicate and Adapt

Which of the following statements is NOT correct?

What are the three ways a synapse can change in order to accommodate learning?

In order for neurotransmitters to be released, _____ must enter the terminal button.

A synaptic vesicle contains:

There are more chemical synapses than electrical synapses in the mammalian nervous system because chemical synapses:

Ultimately Ca2+ serves to aid neural transmission by:

A chemical that has not yet met all the conditions to constitute a neurotransmitter is referred to as a(n):

Which determines whether a message will be excitatory or inhibitory?

A second-messenger system can:

_____ synapses send signals from one axon to another axon.

Interneuronal communication may occur via _____ gap junctions.

Which of the following terms is NOT associated with metabotropic receptors?

What is the difference between axoaxonic and axosynaptic synapses?

What are the four steps involved in transmitting information across a chemical synapse?

When a neurotransmitter diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to a transmitter-activated receptor, which of the following may occur in the postsynaptic cell?

Which of the following is NOT an amino acid neurotransmitter?

Symptoms of _____ may be related to decreased activity in serotonin neurons.

Which of the following is NOT a criterion for which neurotransmitters are identified?

Ionotropic receptors:

Increasing the number of synapses to account for learning involves _____, leading to the activation of _____, a second messenger.

What Are the Origins of Brain and Behavior

What Is the Nervous Systems Functional Anatomy

What Are the Nervous Systems Functional Units

How Do Neurons Use Electrical Signals to Transmit Information

How Do Drugs and Hormones Influence the Brain and Behavior

How Do We Study the Brains Structures and Functions

How Does the Nervous System Develop and Adapt

How Do We Sense, Perceive, and See the World

How Do We Hear, Speak, and Make Music

How Does the Nervous System Respond to Stimulation and Produce Movement

What Causes Emotional and Motivated Behavior

Why Do We Sleep and Dream

How Do We Learn and Remember

How Does the Brain Think

What Happens When the Brain Misbehaves

Filters

Ultimately Ca²⁺ serves to aid neural transmission by:

Increasing the number of synapses to account for learning involves _, leading to the activation of _, a second messenger.