Exam 4: How Do Neurons Use Electrical Signals to Transmit Information 

EPSPs and IPSPs are first received by:

How does a squid benefit from having unusually large axons?

A(n) _____ channel only opens or closes at specific membrane voltages.

When the neuron is at rest, _____ channels are normally closed, whereas _____ is free to enter and leave the cell.

The neuronal membrane is:

The symptoms of multiple sclerosis are caused by:

_____ won the Nobel Prize in 1963 for being the first to describe the electrical activity of neurons.

Myelination of axons in humans makes up for the _____ in our nervous system.

The basis of electrical activity in nerves is the:

The final pathway that the nervous system uses to produce behavior is the:

Nineteenth-century scientists Fritsch and Hitzig discovered that electrical stimulation of the neocortex leads to:

Spatial summation is more likely to occur:

The action potential normally consists of the summed current changes caused by the _____ and the _____.

The negative charge inside the cell membrane is largely a product of the presence of negatively charged:

In 1874, the physician Roberts Bartholow directly stimulated a _____ brain with electricity.

The technique of electrical stimulation was first discovered by:

René Descartes believed that _____ carried signals through the nervous system.

Describe the pioneering work of Alan Hodgkin and Andrew Huxley, for which they earned a Nobel Prize.

The speed of information flow in a nerve was first measured by:

The movement of ions from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration through random motion is called: