Exam 5: How Do Neurons Communicate and Adapt

_____ is the inactivation of a neurotransmitter in the synaptic cleft by enzymes.

_____ contain the neurotransmitters.

Precursor chemicals that form the building blocks for neurotransmitters are synthesized using energy provided by the:

_____ activates the sympathetic nervous system, whereas _____ activates the parasympathetic nervous system.

Which activity do neurotransmitters NOT perform?

Identify the types of synapses. _____ 1. axoaxonic _____ 2. dendrodendritic _____ 3. axodendritic _____ 4. axosecretory _____ 5. axosynaptic _____ 6. axoextracellular _____ 7. axosomatic

The exocytosis mechanism that releases a neurotransmitter may have evolved from which process?

When vesicular _____ becomes dysregulated, cognitive decline occurs, whereas maintaining it in homeostasis protects cognitive ability.

The _____ is rich in voltage-activated calcium ion channels that function in neurotransmission.

Reuptake is accomplished by:

Locate the structures in a synapse. _____ 1. storage granule _____ 2. synaptic cleft _____ 3. mitochondrion _____ 4. synaptic vesicle _____ 5. presynaptic membrane _____ 6. postsynaptic membrane

What are small-molecule transmitters, and from what are they typically synthesized? Name and describe at least three different small-molecule transmitters.

The opening of an ionotropic receptor can directly influence the movement of _____ ions across the neuronal membrane.

Define sensitization. What is the synaptic basis of sensitization?

_____ is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, whereas _____ is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain.

Which of the following is NOT one of the activating systems in the CNS?

What is the difference between ionotropic and metabotropic receptors?

Peptide transmitters are synthesized in the:

_____ is a neurotransmitter that slows down heart rate, whereas _____ speeds it up.

The axon terminal is formed by the _____, whereas the dendritic spine is formed by the _____.