Question 1

Explain the meaning of this statement: Fats are easy to absorb but difficult to digest.

Accepted Answer

Fats are not water soluble, which means that they tend to coalesce and form droplets in gut fluids. In order for them to be chemically digested, they must be made more water soluble or emulsified. Emulsification is achieved through the release of bile salts. Upon initial digestion by lipases, the resulting fatty acids and monoglycerides attach to bile to form micelles. These micelles can then move to the cell surface, where absorption occurs by passive diffusion - an energy-free form of transport.

Question 2

The process by which food is propelled through the digestive tract by alternating contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle is

Accepted Answer

A)  elimination. 
B)  secretion. 
C)  chemical digestion. 
D)  peristalsis. 
E)  absorption. 
A)  elimination. 
B)  secretion. 
C)  chemical digestion. 
D)  peristalsis. 
E)  absorption. D

Question 3

The digestion of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates is completed in the

Accepted Answer

A)  stomach. 
B)  small intestine. 
C)  liver. 
D)  pancreas. 
E)  large intestine. 
A)  stomach. 
B)  small intestine. 
C)  liver. 
D)  pancreas. 
E)  large intestine. B

Question 4

Which one of the following vitamins can be produced by the human body?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 5

The figure above shows the organs of the digestive system (labeled A-F). Match each organ to its function.
-mechanical and chemical digestion begins here

Accepted Answer

The answer of   The figure above shows the...

Question 6

Which one of the following components of saliva has antibacterial properties?

Accepted Answer

A)  sodium bicarbonate 
B)  amylase 
C)  mucin 
D)  HCl 
E)  lysozyme 
A)  sodium bicarbonate 
B)  amylase 
C)  mucin 
D)  HCl 
E)  lysozyme

Question 7

Which one of the following is considered an accessory digestive organ?

Accepted Answer

A)  pancreas 
B)  stomach 
C)  small intestine 
D)  esophagus 
E)  large intestine 
A)  pancreas 
B)  stomach 
C)  small intestine 
D)  esophagus 
E)  large intestine

Question 8

Bile is an important enzyme that digests lipids.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The condition known as acid reflux occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter malfunctions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Nutrient-rich blood moves from the small intestine to the liver via

Accepted Answer

A)  the pancreatic duct. 
B)  lacteal vessels. 
C)  the pulmonary circuit. 
D)  the hepatic portal system. 
E)  arterial flow from the gastrointestinal tract to the liver. 
A)  the pancreatic duct. 
B)  lacteal vessels. 
C)  the pulmonary circuit. 
D)  the hepatic portal system. 
E)  arterial flow from the gastrointestinal tract to the liver.

Question 11

Muscular movements that mix food in the lumen of the small intestine are referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  elimination. 
B)  secretion. 
C)  absorption. 
D)  muscularis. 
E)  segmentation. 
A)  elimination. 
B)  secretion. 
C)  absorption. 
D)  muscularis. 
E)  segmentation.

Question 12

Gastric juice in the stomach is composed of

Accepted Answer

A)  HCL, fluids secreted from gastric glands, pepsinogen. 
B)  chyme, HCL, mucus. 
C)  HCL, secretin, saliva. 
D)  pepsinogen, secretin, serosa. 
E)  fluids from gastric glands only. 
A)  HCL, fluids secreted from gastric glands, pepsinogen. 
B)  chyme, HCL, mucus. 
C)  HCL, secretin, saliva. 
D)  pepsinogen, secretin, serosa. 
E)  fluids from gastric glands only.

Question 13

The appendix is considered one of the lesser accessory organs of the digestive tract.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Match each of the following disorders associated with the digestive system to its description.
-noncancerous growth of the mucous membrane of an organ of the digestive tract; can be detected by a colonoscopy

Accepted Answer

A) lactose intolerance 
B) polyp 
C) gingivitis 
D) hiatal hernia 
E) celiac disease
F)hepatitis 
A) lactose intolerance 
B) polyp 
C) gingivitis 
D) hiatal hernia 
E) celiac disease
F)hepatitis

Question 15

Which one of the following types of diets is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  diet that includes complex carbohydrates 
B)  high-protein diet 
C)  diet low in refined sugars 
D)  diet high in saturated fat and cholesterol 
E)  diet that includes unsaturated fats 
A)  diet that includes complex carbohydrates 
B)  high-protein diet 
C)  diet low in refined sugars 
D)  diet high in saturated fat and cholesterol 
E)  diet that includes unsaturated fats

Question 16

During swallowing,

Accepted Answer

A)  the epiglottis bends to close the trachea. 
B)  smooth muscle in the esophagus contracts slightly. 
C)  the tongue flattens to the bottom of the mouth. 
D)  salivary secretions stop. 
E)  the hard palate rises to close the nasal passages. 
A)  the epiglottis bends to close the trachea. 
B)  smooth muscle in the esophagus contracts slightly. 
C)  the tongue flattens to the bottom of the mouth. 
D)  salivary secretions stop. 
E)  the hard palate rises to close the nasal passages.

Question 17

Match each of the following enzymes to its description.
-breaks down proteins in the small intestine

Accepted Answer

A) amylase 
B) chymotrypsin 
C) lipase 
D) pepsin 
A) amylase 
B) chymotrypsin 
C) lipase 
D) pepsin

Question 18

The hepatic portal vein carries blood rich in nutrients from the liver to the small intestine; there, the nutrients undergo further processing before they are released into general circulation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The figure above shows the organs of the digestive system (labeled A-F). Match each organ to its function.
-releases bile into the duodenum

Accepted Answer

The answer of   The figure above shows the...

Question 20

Match each of the following disorders associated with the digestive system to its description.
-inability to digest milk sugar due to lack of an enzyme; symptoms include bloating, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea

Accepted Answer

A) lactose intolerance 
B) polyp 
C) gingivitis 
D) hiatal hernia 
E) celiac disease
F)hepatitis 
A) lactose intolerance 
B) polyp 
C) gingivitis 
D) hiatal hernia 
E) celiac disease
F)hepatitis

Exam 14: The Digestive System and Nutrition

Explain the meaning of this statement: Fats are easy to absorb but difficult to digest.

The process by which food is propelled through the digestive tract by alternating contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle is

The digestion of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates is completed in the

Which one of the following vitamins can be produced by the human body?

The figure above shows the organs of the digestive system (labeled A-F). Match each organ to its function. -mechanical and chemical digestion begins here

Which one of the following components of saliva has antibacterial properties?

Which one of the following is considered an accessory digestive organ?

Bile is an important enzyme that digests lipids.

The condition known as acid reflux occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter malfunctions.

Nutrient-rich blood moves from the small intestine to the liver via

Muscular movements that mix food in the lumen of the small intestine are referred to as

Gastric juice in the stomach is composed of

The appendix is considered one of the lesser accessory organs of the digestive tract.

Match each of the following disorders associated with the digestive system to its description. -noncancerous growth of the mucous membrane of an organ of the digestive tract; can be detected by a colonoscopy

Which one of the following types of diets is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease?

During swallowing,

Match each of the following enzymes to its description. -breaks down proteins in the small intestine

The hepatic portal vein carries blood rich in nutrients from the liver to the small intestine; there, the nutrients undergo further processing before they are released into general circulation.

The figure above shows the organs of the digestive system (labeled A-F). Match each organ to its function. -releases bile into the duodenum

Match each of the following disorders associated with the digestive system to its description. -inability to digest milk sugar due to lack of an enzyme; symptoms include bloating, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea

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