Question 1

Which region of the nephron changes its permeability to water when there are changes in the level of antidiuretic hormone?

Accepted Answer

A)  Proximal convoluted tubule 
B)  Descending limb of nephron loop 
C)  Thin ascending limb of nephron loop 
D)  Thick ascending limb of nephron loop 
E) Distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct 
A)  Proximal convoluted tubule 
B)  Descending limb of nephron loop 
C)  Thin ascending limb of nephron loop 
D)  Thick ascending limb of nephron loop 
E) Distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct E

Question 2

Where is the arcuate vein?

Accepted Answer

A)  E 
B)  F 
C)  G 
D)  H 
E)  I 
A)  E 
B)  F 
C)  G 
D)  H 
E)  I D

Question 3

Where is the ascending limb of the Loop of Henle?

Accepted Answer

A)  C 
B)  D 
C)  J 
D)  K 
E)  L 
A)  C 
B)  D 
C)  J 
D)  K 
E)  L E

Question 4

Identify the cortex.

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  D 
C)  E 
D)  I 
E)  F 
A)  A 
B)  D 
C)  E 
D)  I 
E)  F

Question 5

Which region of the nephron actively reabsorbs sodium and potassium ions from tubular fluid and has low permeability to water, even with an increase in ADH levels?

Accepted Answer

A)  Proximal convoluted tubule 
B)  Descending limb of nephron loop 
C)  Thin ascending limb of nephron loop 
D)  Thick ascending limb of nephron loop 
E)  Distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct 
A)  Proximal convoluted tubule 
B)  Descending limb of nephron loop 
C)  Thin ascending limb of nephron loop 
D)  Thick ascending limb of nephron loop 
E)  Distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct

Question 6

This layer runs deep to the peritoneum and anchors the kidney to the surrounding structures and to the abdominal wall.

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  B and C 
E)  All of these answer choices are correct. 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  B and C 
E)  All of these answer choices are correct.

Question 7

This structure is composed of dense irregular tissue that runs continuous with the ureter.

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  A and B 
E)  All of these answer choices are correct. 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  A and B 
E)  All of these answer choices are correct.

Question 8

The proximal convoluted tubules reabsorb what percentage of filtered water

Accepted Answer

A)  25% 
B)  50% 
C)  65% 
D)  80% 
E)  99% 
A)  25% 
B)  50% 
C)  65% 
D)  80% 
E)  99%

Question 9

Most solutes in body fluids are

Accepted Answer

A)  electrolytes. 
B)  proteins. 
C)  sugars. 
D)  amino acids. 
E)  lipids. 
A)  electrolytes. 
B)  proteins. 
C)  sugars. 
D)  amino acids. 
E)  lipids.

Question 10

What is indicated by the line labeled "B"?

Accepted Answer

A)  Spongy urethra 
B)  Membranous urethra 
C)  External urethral orifice 
D) Urinary bladder 
E) Prostatic urethra 
A)  Spongy urethra 
B)  Membranous urethra 
C)  External urethral orifice 
D) Urinary bladder 
E) Prostatic urethra

Question 11

An increase in which of these hormones would result in increased facultative water reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct?

Accepted Answer

A)  atrial natriuretic peptide 
B)  aldosterone 
C)  parathyroid hormone (PTH) 
D)  antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 
E)  Calcitonin 
A)  atrial natriuretic peptide 
B)  aldosterone 
C)  parathyroid hormone (PTH) 
D)  antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 
E)  Calcitonin

Question 12

What two structures comprise the renal corpuscle?

Accepted Answer

A)  A and B 
B)  C and D 
C)  E and F 
D)  K and L 
E)  N and O 
A)  A and B 
B)  C and D 
C)  E and F 
D)  K and L 
E)  N and O

Question 13

This is a nephron process that results in a substance in the blood entering the already formed filtrate.

Accepted Answer

A)  reabsorption 
B)  filtration 
C)  secretion 
D)  excretion 
E)  none of these choices 
A)  reabsorption 
B)  filtration 
C)  secretion 
D)  excretion 
E)  none of these choices

Question 14

What is indicated by the line labeled "E"?

Accepted Answer

A)  Spongy urethra 
B)  Membranous urethra 
C)  External urethral orifice 
D)  Urinary bladder 
E)  Prostatic urethra 
A)  Spongy urethra 
B)  Membranous urethra 
C)  External urethral orifice 
D)  Urinary bladder 
E)  Prostatic urethra

Question 15

This layer of the filtration membrane is composed of collagen fibers and proteoglycans in a glycoprotein matrix.

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerular endothelial cells 
B)  basal lamina 
C)  pedicels 
D)  filtration slites 
E)  slit membrane 
A)  glomerular endothelial cells 
B)  basal lamina 
C)  pedicels 
D)  filtration slites 
E)  slit membrane

Question 16

In ___________ , a substance passes from the fluid in the tubular lumen through the apical membrane then across the cytosol into the interstitial fluid.

Accepted Answer

A)  paracellular reabsorption 
B)  transcellular reabsorption 
C)  apical reasborption 
D)  basolateral reabsorption 
E)  active transport 
A)  paracellular reabsorption 
B)  transcellular reabsorption 
C)  apical reasborption 
D)  basolateral reabsorption 
E)  active transport

Question 17

Which of these parts of the nephron is NOT permeable to urea?

Accepted Answer

A)  Proximal convoluted tubule 
B)  Descending limb of nephron loop 
C)  Thin ascending limb of nephron loop 
D)  Thick ascending limb of nephron loop 
E)  Proximal portion of the collecting duct 
A)  Proximal convoluted tubule 
B)  Descending limb of nephron loop 
C)  Thin ascending limb of nephron loop 
D)  Thick ascending limb of nephron loop 
E)  Proximal portion of the collecting duct

Question 18

The type of body fluid found within the cells is called

Accepted Answer

A)  plasma. 
B)  extracellular fluid. 
C)  interstitial fluid. 
D)  intracellular fluid. 
E)  water. 
A)  plasma. 
B)  extracellular fluid. 
C)  interstitial fluid. 
D)  intracellular fluid. 
E)  water.

Question 19

What is indicated by the line labeled "A"?

Accepted Answer

A)  Spongy urethra 
B)  Membranous urethra 
C)  External urethral orifice 
D) Urinary bladder 
E)  Prostatic urethra 
A)  Spongy urethra 
B)  Membranous urethra 
C)  External urethral orifice 
D) Urinary bladder 
E)  Prostatic urethra

Question 20

This is the structure of the nephron that filters blood.

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerular capsule 
B)  Loop of Henle 
C)  Ascending limb 
D)  Collecting duct 
E)  Renal corpuscle 
A)  glomerular capsule 
B)  Loop of Henle 
C)  Ascending limb 
D)  Collecting duct 
E)  Renal corpuscle

Exam 24: The Urinary System

Which region of the nephron changes its permeability to water when there are changes in the level of antidiuretic hormone?

Where is the arcuate vein?

Where is the ascending limb of the Loop of Henle?

Identify the cortex.

Which region of the nephron actively reabsorbs sodium and potassium ions from tubular fluid and has low permeability to water, even with an increase in ADH levels?

This layer runs deep to the peritoneum and anchors the kidney to the surrounding structures and to the abdominal wall.

This structure is composed of dense irregular tissue that runs continuous with the ureter.

The proximal convoluted tubules reabsorb what percentage of filtered water

Most solutes in body fluids are

What is indicated by the line labeled "B"?

An increase in which of these hormones would result in increased facultative water reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct?

What two structures comprise the renal corpuscle?

This is a nephron process that results in a substance in the blood entering the already formed filtrate.

What is indicated by the line labeled "E"?

This layer of the filtration membrane is composed of collagen fibers and proteoglycans in a glycoprotein matrix.

In ___________ , a substance passes from the fluid in the tubular lumen through the apical membrane then across the cytosol into the interstitial fluid.

Which of these parts of the nephron is NOT permeable to urea?

The type of body fluid found within the cells is called

What is indicated by the line labeled "A"?

This is the structure of the nephron that filters blood.

An Introduction to the Human Body

The Chemical Level of Organization

The Cellular Level of Organization

The Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

Introduction to the Skeletal System

The Axial Skeleton

The Appendicular Skeleton

Articulations

Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

Introduction to the Nervous System

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System

Sensory, Motor, and Integrative Systems

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

The Cardiovascular System: the Blood

The Cardiovascular System: the Heart

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

The Reproductive Systems and Development

Filters