Question 1

An increase in which of these hormones would result in an increase in reabsorption of sodium and chloride, as well as increased secretion of potassium?

Accepted Answer

A)  atrial natriuretic peptide 
B)  aldosterone 
C) parathyroid hormone (PTH) 
D) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 
E)  Calcitonin 
A)  atrial natriuretic peptide 
B)  aldosterone 
C) parathyroid hormone (PTH) 
D) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 
E)  Calcitonin

Question 2

Which is the correct order for the flow of urine from the nephron?

Accepted Answer

A)  minor calyx - major calyx - renal pelvis - papillary duct - bladder - ureter 
B)  renal pelvis - minor calyx - papillary duct - major calyx - ureter - bladder 
C)  papillary duct - minor calyx - major calyx - renal pelvis - ureter - bladder 
D)  ureter - papillary duct - renal pelvis - major calyx - minor calyx - ureter - bladder 
E)  papillary duct - major calyx - minor calyx - renal pelvis - ureter - bladder 
A)  minor calyx - major calyx - renal pelvis - papillary duct - bladder - ureter 
B)  renal pelvis - minor calyx - papillary duct - major calyx - ureter - bladder 
C)  papillary duct - minor calyx - major calyx - renal pelvis - ureter - bladder 
D)  ureter - papillary duct - renal pelvis - major calyx - minor calyx - ureter - bladder 
E)  papillary duct - major calyx - minor calyx - renal pelvis - ureter - bladder

Question 3

What does line "M" point to?

Accepted Answer

A)  Arcuate artery 
B)  Arcuate vein 
C)  Collecting duct 
D)  Descending loop 
E)  Efferent arteriole 
A)  Arcuate artery 
B)  Arcuate vein 
C)  Collecting duct 
D)  Descending loop 
E)  Efferent arteriole

Question 4

An increase in which of these hormones would stimulate the distal convoluted tubule to reabsorb more calcium ions?

Accepted Answer

A)  atrial natriuretic peptide 
B)  aldosterone 
C)  parathyroid hormone (PTH) 
D)  antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 
E)  Calcitonin 
A)  atrial natriuretic peptide 
B)  aldosterone 
C)  parathyroid hormone (PTH) 
D)  antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 
E)  Calcitonin

Question 5

Which of these structures in the kidney is sensitive to changes in the volume and pressure of blood and can release renin to regulate the changes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vasa recta 
B)  Juxtaglomerular cells 
C)  Collecting duct 
D)  Hilum 
E)  Mesangial cells 
A)  Vasa recta 
B)  Juxtaglomerular cells 
C)  Collecting duct 
D)  Hilum 
E)  Mesangial cells

Question 6

Tubular fluid becomes progressively _____________ as it flows down the descending limb of the nephron loop and progressively ___________________ as it flows up the ascending limb.

Accepted Answer

A)  faster moving; slower moving 
B)  slower moving; faster moving 
C)  more dilute; more concentrated 
D)  more concentrated; more dilute 
E)  none of these answers. 
A)  faster moving; slower moving 
B)  slower moving; faster moving 
C)  more dilute; more concentrated 
D)  more concentrated; more dilute 
E)  none of these answers.

Question 7

This structure lies in the anterior corner of the trigone of the bladder.

Accepted Answer

A)  Urethral sphincter 
B)  Adventitia bundle 
C)  Ureter 
D)  Internal urethral orifice 
E)  Muscularis bundle 
A)  Urethral sphincter 
B)  Adventitia bundle 
C)  Ureter 
D)  Internal urethral orifice 
E)  Muscularis bundle

Question 8

Discuss the importance of countercurrent flow to the functioning of the nephron.

Accepted Answer

Countercurrent flow refers to the flow o

Question 9

Increased secretion of aldosterone would result in a ___________ of blood ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  increase, potassium 
B)  decrease, volume 
C)  increase, calcium levels 
D)  decrease, pH 
E)  increase, sodium 
A)  increase, potassium 
B)  decrease, volume 
C)  increase, calcium levels 
D)  decrease, pH 
E)  increase, sodium

Question 10

An increase in which of these hormones would result in inhibition of the reabsorption of sodium and water in the proximal convoluted tubule and collecting duct?

Accepted Answer

A)  atrial natriuretic peptide 
B)  aldosterone 
C)  parathyroid hormone (PTH) 
D) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 
E) Calcitonin 
A)  atrial natriuretic peptide 
B)  aldosterone 
C)  parathyroid hormone (PTH) 
D) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 
E) Calcitonin

Question 11

Describe the flow of blood through the kidneys.

Accepted Answer

Kidneys receive 20 to 25% of the resting

Question 12

Solutes in the blood are _______________ in the region of vasa recta that is deep in the medulla of the kidney than are solutes in the blood in other parts of the body.

Accepted Answer

A)  less concentrated 
B)  equal in concentration 
C)  more concentrated 
D)  less ionized 
E)  more ionized 
A)  less concentrated 
B)  equal in concentration 
C)  more concentrated 
D)  less ionized 
E)  more ionized

Question 13

Where is the papillary duct?

Accepted Answer

A)  C 
B)  F 
C)  H 
D)  N 
E)  O 
A)  C 
B)  F 
C)  H 
D)  N 
E)  O

Question 14

Which of these is NOT true of sodium and chloride ions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Na+ and Cl- are the two primary solutes in extracellular fluid in the body. 
B)  A salty meal results in an increase in the volume of blood in the body. 
C)  Na+ and Cl- are the two primary solutes in urine. 
D)  Natriuresis is the urinary loss of Na+, and this Na+ is followed by Cl- and water. 
E)  A salty meal causes increased release of renin by juxtaglomerular cells. 
A)  Na+ and Cl- are the two primary solutes in extracellular fluid in the body. 
B)  A salty meal results in an increase in the volume of blood in the body. 
C)  Na+ and Cl- are the two primary solutes in urine. 
D)  Natriuresis is the urinary loss of Na+, and this Na+ is followed by Cl- and water. 
E)  A salty meal causes increased release of renin by juxtaglomerular cells.

Question 15

What is line "C" pointing to?

Accepted Answer

A)  Distal convoluted tubule 
B)  Interlobular artery 
C)  Efferent arteriole 
D)  Arcuate artery 
E)  Corticomedullary junction 
A)  Distal convoluted tubule 
B)  Interlobular artery 
C)  Efferent arteriole 
D)  Arcuate artery 
E)  Corticomedullary junction

Question 16

This term means entry of substances into the body from the filtrate.

Accepted Answer

A)  reabsorption 
B)  filtration 
C)  secretion 
D)  excretion 
E)  none of these choices 
A)  reabsorption 
B)  filtration 
C)  secretion 
D)  excretion 
E)  none of these choices

Question 17

This layer of the ureter is composed of transitional epithelium.

Accepted Answer

A)  Mucosa 
B)  Transitional epithelium 
C)  Lamina propria 
D)  Adventitia 
E)  Lamina elastica 
A)  Mucosa 
B)  Transitional epithelium 
C)  Lamina propria 
D)  Adventitia 
E)  Lamina elastica

Question 18

The portion of the kidney that extends between the renal pyramids is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  renal columns 
B)  renal medulla 
C)  renal pelvis 
D)  calyces 
E)  renal papilla 
A)  renal columns 
B)  renal medulla 
C)  renal pelvis 
D)  calyces 
E)  renal papilla

Question 19

Consumption of salty food will cause an increase in this hormone.

Accepted Answer

A)  Aldosterone 
B)  Renin 
C)  ANH 
D)  Angiotensin-II 
E)  ADH 
A)  Aldosterone 
B)  Renin 
C)  ANH 
D)  Angiotensin-II 
E)  ADH

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a way angiotensin II affects the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

A)  It increases GFR 
B)  It can decrease GFR 
C)  It enhances reabsorption of certain ions 
D)  It stimulates the release of aldosterone 
E)  none of these choices 
A)  It increases GFR 
B)  It can decrease GFR 
C)  It enhances reabsorption of certain ions 
D)  It stimulates the release of aldosterone 
E)  none of these choices

Exam 24: The Urinary System

An increase in which of these hormones would result in an increase in reabsorption of sodium and chloride, as well as increased secretion of potassium?

Which is the correct order for the flow of urine from the nephron?

What does line "M" point to?

An increase in which of these hormones would stimulate the distal convoluted tubule to reabsorb more calcium ions?

Which of these structures in the kidney is sensitive to changes in the volume and pressure of blood and can release renin to regulate the changes?

Tubular fluid becomes progressively _____________ as it flows down the descending limb of the nephron loop and progressively ___________________ as it flows up the ascending limb.

This structure lies in the anterior corner of the trigone of the bladder.

Discuss the importance of countercurrent flow to the functioning of the nephron.

Increased secretion of aldosterone would result in a ___________ of blood ____________.

An increase in which of these hormones would result in inhibition of the reabsorption of sodium and water in the proximal convoluted tubule and collecting duct?

Describe the flow of blood through the kidneys.

Solutes in the blood are _______________ in the region of vasa recta that is deep in the medulla of the kidney than are solutes in the blood in other parts of the body.

Where is the papillary duct?

Which of these is NOT true of sodium and chloride ions?

What is line "C" pointing to?

This term means entry of substances into the body from the filtrate.

This layer of the ureter is composed of transitional epithelium.

The portion of the kidney that extends between the renal pyramids is called the

Consumption of salty food will cause an increase in this hormone.

Which of the following is NOT a way angiotensin II affects the kidneys?

An Introduction to the Human Body

The Chemical Level of Organization

The Cellular Level of Organization

The Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

Introduction to the Skeletal System

The Axial Skeleton

The Appendicular Skeleton

Articulations

Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

Introduction to the Nervous System

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System

Sensory, Motor, and Integrative Systems

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

The Cardiovascular System: the Blood

The Cardiovascular System: the Heart

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

The Reproductive Systems and Development

Filters

Tubular fluid becomes progressively _ as it flows down the descending limb of the nephron loop and progressively _______ as it flows up the ascending limb.

Increased secretion of aldosterone would result in a _ of blood __.