Question 1

What is line "A" pointing to?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fenestrations 
B)  Pedicels 
C)  Filtration slit 
D)  Basal lamina 
E)  Lumen of the glomerulus 
A)  Fenestrations 
B)  Pedicels 
C)  Filtration slit 
D)  Basal lamina 
E)  Lumen of the glomerulus

Question 2

What is indicated by the line labeled "D"?

Accepted Answer

A)  Spongy urethra 
B)  Membranous urethra 
C)  External urethral orifice 
D)  Urinary bladder 
E)  Prostatic urethra 
A)  Spongy urethra 
B)  Membranous urethra 
C)  External urethral orifice 
D)  Urinary bladder 
E)  Prostatic urethra

Question 3

Which is the correct order of filtrate flow

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerular capsule, Proximal Convoluted tubule (PCT), Loop of Henle, Distal Convoluted tubule (DCT), Collecting duct 
B)  Loop of Henle, glomerular capsule, PCT, DCT, Collecting duct 
C)  Ascending limb of Loop, PCT, DCT, Collecting duct 
D)  Collecting duct, DCT, PCT, Collecting duct, glomerular capsule 
E)  PCT, glomerular capsule, DCT, Collecting duct, Loop of Henle 
A)  glomerular capsule, Proximal Convoluted tubule (PCT), Loop of Henle, Distal Convoluted tubule (DCT), Collecting duct 
B)  Loop of Henle, glomerular capsule, PCT, DCT, Collecting duct 
C)  Ascending limb of Loop, PCT, DCT, Collecting duct 
D)  Collecting duct, DCT, PCT, Collecting duct, glomerular capsule 
E)  PCT, glomerular capsule, DCT, Collecting duct, Loop of Henle

Question 4

Describe in detail how the renin angiotensin negative feedback loop helps regulate blood pressure and glomerular filtration rate in response to dehydration.

Accepted Answer

Dehydration causes a decrease in blood v

Question 5

Which of these answers is NOT true when comparing a juxtamedullary nephron to a cortical nephron?

Accepted Answer

A) The nephron loop has a thin descending limb followed by a thick ascending limb. 
B) The nephron loop of juxtamedullary nephrons extends deep into the medulla. 
C) The nephron loop of juxtamedullary nephrons is longer than that of the cortical nephron. 
D) The nephron loop of juxtamedullary nephron receives blood supply from both peritubular capillaries and the vasa recta. 
E) Juxtamedullary nephrons are more common than cortical nephrons. 
A) The nephron loop has a thin descending limb followed by a thick ascending limb. 
B) The nephron loop of juxtamedullary nephrons extends deep into the medulla. 
C) The nephron loop of juxtamedullary nephrons is longer than that of the cortical nephron. 
D) The nephron loop of juxtamedullary nephron receives blood supply from both peritubular capillaries and the vasa recta. 
E) Juxtamedullary nephrons are more common than cortical nephrons.

Question 6

For any solute, the rate of its excretion in urine would be equal to

Accepted Answer

A)  its rate of glomerular filtration - its rate of tubular reabsorption - its rate of tubular secretion. 
B)  its rate of glomerular filtration - its rate of tubular reabsorption + its rate of tubular secretion. 
C)  its rate of glomerular filtration + its rate of tubular reabsorption + its rate of tubular secretion. 
D)  its rate of glomerular filtration + its rate of tubular reabsorption - its rate of tubular secretion. 
E)  none of these answers. 
A)  its rate of glomerular filtration - its rate of tubular reabsorption - its rate of tubular secretion. 
B)  its rate of glomerular filtration - its rate of tubular reabsorption + its rate of tubular secretion. 
C)  its rate of glomerular filtration + its rate of tubular reabsorption + its rate of tubular secretion. 
D)  its rate of glomerular filtration + its rate of tubular reabsorption - its rate of tubular secretion. 
E)  none of these answers.

Question 7

This occurs when stretching triggers contraction of smooth muscle walls in afferent arterioles.

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerular filtration rate 
B)  tubulomerular feedback 
C)  myogenic mechanism 
D)  renal autoregulation 
E)  capsular hydrostatic pressure 
A)  glomerular filtration rate 
B)  tubulomerular feedback 
C)  myogenic mechanism 
D)  renal autoregulation 
E)  capsular hydrostatic pressure

Question 8

Once fluid enters the proximal convoluted tubule:

Accepted Answer

A)  it is less dense. 
B)  it has a higher K+ concentration. 
C)  it is called tubular fluid. 
D)  all the Na+ is removed. 
E)  it is headed to the ascending loop. 
A)  it is less dense. 
B)  it has a higher K+ concentration. 
C)  it is called tubular fluid. 
D)  all the Na+ is removed. 
E)  it is headed to the ascending loop.

Question 9

Where is the distal convoluted tubule?

Accepted Answer

A)  D 
B)  E 
C)  J 
D)  K 
E)  L 
A)  D 
B)  E 
C)  J 
D)  K 
E)  L

Question 10

Which of these statements is true regarding the regulation of H+ levels in the body by the kidney?

Accepted Answer

A)  H+ is secreted by apical membrane of intercalated cells in the collecting duct, and bicarbonate ions cross the basolateral membrane into peritubular capillaries. 
B)  The level of H+ is entirely determined by secretion of H+ into and reabsorption of Na+ from tubular fluid by cells lining the proximal convoluted tubule 
C)  H+ is secreted by crossing the basolateral membrane of intercalated cells into peritubular capillaries, where the protons can then be excreted from the body in the urine. 
D)  Excess H+ reacts with dihydrogen phosphate in the kidney to form monohydrogen phosphate, thus buffering the pH in body fluids. 
E)  The kidney does not play a role in regulation of pH; exhalation of carbon dioxide in the lungs is the only way that the body regulates pH of body fluids. 
A)  H+ is secreted by apical membrane of intercalated cells in the collecting duct, and bicarbonate ions cross the basolateral membrane into peritubular capillaries. 
B)  The level of H+ is entirely determined by secretion of H+ into and reabsorption of Na+ from tubular fluid by cells lining the proximal convoluted tubule 
C)  H+ is secreted by crossing the basolateral membrane of intercalated cells into peritubular capillaries, where the protons can then be excreted from the body in the urine. 
D)  Excess H+ reacts with dihydrogen phosphate in the kidney to form monohydrogen phosphate, thus buffering the pH in body fluids. 
E)  The kidney does not play a role in regulation of pH; exhalation of carbon dioxide in the lungs is the only way that the body regulates pH of body fluids.

Question 11

Which structure of the nephron reabsorbs the most substances

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerular capsule 
B)  Loop of Henle 
C)  Ascending limb 
D)  Collecting duct 
E)  Proximal convoluted tubule 
A)  glomerular capsule 
B)  Loop of Henle 
C)  Ascending limb 
D)  Collecting duct 
E)  Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 12

This structure transports urine from the kidney to the bladder.

Accepted Answer

A)  Urethra 
B)  Ureter 
C)  Descending loop of Henle 
D)  Renal hilus 
E)  none of these choices 
A)  Urethra 
B)  Ureter 
C)  Descending loop of Henle 
D)  Renal hilus 
E)  none of these choices

Question 13

Where is the renal pelvis?

Accepted Answer

A)  B 
B)  M 
C)  J 
D)  D 
E)  C 
A)  B 
B)  M 
C)  J 
D)  D 
E)  C

Question 14

Which of the following is a waste product normally excreted by the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

A)  urea 
B)  glucose 
C)  insulin 
D)  cholesterol 
E)  carbon dioxide 
A)  urea 
B)  glucose 
C)  insulin 
D)  cholesterol 
E)  carbon dioxide

Question 15

Which is the location of the nephron?

Accepted Answer

A)  G 
B)  F 
C)  A 
D)  I 
E)  J 
A)  G 
B)  F 
C)  A 
D)  I 
E)  J

Question 16

Discuss the three main pressures that affect glomerular filtration.

Accepted Answer

(1) Glomerular blood hydrostatic pressur

Question 17

Each kidney can have anywhere from 8 to 18 of these.

Accepted Answer

A)  H 
B)  A 
C)  I 
D)  J 
E)  G 
A)  H 
B)  A 
C)  I 
D)  J 
E)  G

Question 18

Which is not a major function of the kidney?

Accepted Answer

A)  regulation of blood ionic composition 
B)  regulation of blood cell size 
C)  regulation of blood volume 
D)  regulation of blood pressure 
E)  regulation of blood pH 
A)  regulation of blood ionic composition 
B)  regulation of blood cell size 
C)  regulation of blood volume 
D)  regulation of blood pressure 
E)  regulation of blood pH

Question 19

This layer's main function is to protect the kidney from trauma and hold it in place within the abdominal cavity.

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  A and C 
E)  All of these answer choices are correct. 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  A and C 
E)  All of these answer choices are correct.

Question 20

Which is the correct order of blood flow?

Accepted Answer

A)  renal artery-segmental artery-interlobular artery-peritubular capillaries- afferent arterioles 
B)  interlobar arteries-arcuate arteries-glomerular capillaries-arcuate veins 
C)  arcuate veins-arcuate arteries- glomerular capillaries- renal vein 
D)  renal vein-segmental arteries-interlobar arteries- efferent arterioles 
E)  interlobar veins- afferent arterioles- efferent arterioles- glomerular capillaries 
A)  renal artery-segmental artery-interlobular artery-peritubular capillaries- afferent arterioles 
B)  interlobar arteries-arcuate arteries-glomerular capillaries-arcuate veins 
C)  arcuate veins-arcuate arteries- glomerular capillaries- renal vein 
D)  renal vein-segmental arteries-interlobar arteries- efferent arterioles 
E)  interlobar veins- afferent arterioles- efferent arterioles- glomerular capillaries

Exam 24: The Urinary System

What is line "A" pointing to?

What is indicated by the line labeled "D"?

Which is the correct order of filtrate flow

Describe in detail how the renin angiotensin negative feedback loop helps regulate blood pressure and glomerular filtration rate in response to dehydration.

Which of these answers is NOT true when comparing a juxtamedullary nephron to a cortical nephron?

For any solute, the rate of its excretion in urine would be equal to

This occurs when stretching triggers contraction of smooth muscle walls in afferent arterioles.

Once fluid enters the proximal convoluted tubule:

Where is the distal convoluted tubule?

Which of these statements is true regarding the regulation of H+ levels in the body by the kidney?

Which structure of the nephron reabsorbs the most substances

This structure transports urine from the kidney to the bladder.

Where is the renal pelvis?

Which of the following is a waste product normally excreted by the kidneys?

Which is the location of the nephron?

Discuss the three main pressures that affect glomerular filtration.

Each kidney can have anywhere from 8 to 18 of these.

Which is not a major function of the kidney?

This layer's main function is to protect the kidney from trauma and hold it in place within the abdominal cavity.

Which is the correct order of blood flow?

An Introduction to the Human Body

The Chemical Level of Organization

The Cellular Level of Organization

The Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

Introduction to the Skeletal System

The Axial Skeleton

The Appendicular Skeleton

Articulations

Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

Introduction to the Nervous System

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System

Sensory, Motor, and Integrative Systems

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

The Cardiovascular System: the Blood

The Cardiovascular System: the Heart

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

The Reproductive Systems and Development

Filters

Which of these statements is true regarding the regulation of H⁺ levels in the body by the kidney?